Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?

A

C(H2O)n

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2
Q

What are the names for sugars with 3, 5 and 6 carbons?

A

Triose, pentose, hexose

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3
Q

Name three hexose monosaccharides

A

Fructose, galactose, glucose

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4
Q

Which monosaccharides make up the disaccharides sucrose, lactose and maltose?

A

Sucrose=glucose and fructose, lactose=glucose and galactose, maltose= glucose and glucose

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5
Q

Describe the difference between alpha and beta glucose

A

On alpha the OH group on carbon 1 is below the ring, on beta it is above

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6
Q

Which reaction joins two monosaccharides and what bond is formed?

A

Condensation, glycosidic

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7
Q

Which reaction breaks the bond in a disaccharide?

A

Hydrolysis

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8
Q

Describe the structure of starch

A

a polymer of alpha glucose. Composed of straight-chain amylose containing 1-4 glycosidic bonds and branched amylopectin containing 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

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9
Q

Describe the structure of glycogen

A

a polymer of alpha glucose- branched structure containing 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

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10
Q

Describe the structure of cellulose

A

a polymer of ? glucose, straight chains with 1-4 glycosidic bonds, every other glucose rotated 180 degrees. H bonds holding together chains to form microfibrils, making it strong

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11
Q

Describe the structure of chitin

A

a polymer of ? glucose with acetylamine groups, straight chains with 1-4 glycosidic bonds, every other glucose rotated 180 degrees. H bonds holding together chains to form microfibrils, making it strong

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12
Q

Give three reasons starch and glycogen are good storage molecules

A

Glucose can be added and removed easily, they are compact and they have no osmotic effect because they are insoluble

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