carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what are carbohydrates?

A
  • organic molecules that contain only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
  • an excellent source of chemical energy for living cells.
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2
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A
  • smallest carbohydrates, simple sugars. e.g, glucose, galactose and fructose
  • monomers of carbohydrates
  • made up of one carbohydrate monomer
  • carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, 1:2:1
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3
Q

what is glucose commonly used for?

A
  • source of chemical energy by the cells of most organisms during cellular respiration
  • sourced from the digestion of larger carbohydrate polymers such as starch.
  • have an -OH group, making it both polar and hydrophilic.
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4
Q

what are disaccharides?

A
  • two monosaccharides bonded together.
  • e.g, sucrose which consists of glucose and fructose.
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5
Q

how are monosaccharides chemically bonded together?

A

dehydration reactions chemically bond monosaccharides together, the bond that is formed between monosaccharides is called a glycosidic linkage.
- e.g, fructose + glucose -> sucrose

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6
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A
  • complex carbohydrate that forms when simple sugars bind together to form polymers consisting of hundreds or thousands of monomers
  • important for energy storage and building physical structures in organisms.
    1. starch
    function ; store chemical energy in plants
    e.g ; potato plants contain starch in large amounts in underground tubers
    2. glycogen
    function ; store chemical energy in animals
    e.g, liver cells in humans contain glycogen
    3. cellulose
    function ; form rigid structures in plants
    e.g, tough cell walls of plants.
    4. chitin
    function; hard exoskeleton in some animals
    e.g, crabs
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