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biology > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are most carbohydrates?

A

polymers

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2
Q

what are polymers?

A

large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together.

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3
Q

what are monomers?

A

small, basic molecular unit

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4
Q

examples of monomers…

A

monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides

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5
Q

what are carbohydrates made from?

A

monosaccharides

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6
Q

example of monosaccharides…

A

glucose, fructose and galactose

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7
Q

how do monosaccharides join together?

A

condensation reactions

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8
Q

what is a condensation reaction?

A

two molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond and a water molecule is released when the bond is formed

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9
Q

how does a glycosidic bond form?

A

between the two monosaccharides as a molecule of water is released.

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10
Q

A disaccharide is formed when ?

A

two monosaccharides join together

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11
Q

what is sucrose?

A

disaccharide

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12
Q

how is sucrose formed?

A

a condensation reaction between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

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13
Q

what is lactose?

A

disaccharide

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14
Q

how is lactose formed?

A

a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

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15
Q

what breaks polymers apart?

A

hydrolysis reactions

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16
Q

what does polymers break down into?

A

monomers

17
Q

what does a hydrolysis reaction do?

A

it breaks the chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule

18
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A

loads of sugars joined together

19
Q

how are polysaccharides formed?

A

more than two monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions

20
Q

how do you test for sugars?

A

benedicts test

21
Q

how do you test for starch?

A

iodine test

22
Q

what’s the main energy storage material in plants?

A

starch

23
Q

what’s the main energy storage material in animals?

A

glycogen

24
Q

what’s the major component of cell walls in plants?

A

cellulose

25
Q

what is cellulose made of?

A

long, unbranched chains of beta- glucose

26
Q

what do beta- glucose molecules form when they bond?

A

straight cellulose chains

27
Q

what are the cellulose chains linked together by?

A

hydrogen bonds

28
Q

cellulose chains linked by hydrogen bonds form what?

A

strong fibres called microfibrils

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