carbohydrates Flashcards
what are most carbohydrates?
polymers
what are polymers?
large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together.
what are monomers?
small, basic molecular unit
examples of monomers…
monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
what are carbohydrates made from?
monosaccharides
example of monosaccharides…
glucose, fructose and galactose
how do monosaccharides join together?
condensation reactions
what is a condensation reaction?
two molecules join together with the formation of a new chemical bond and a water molecule is released when the bond is formed
how does a glycosidic bond form?
between the two monosaccharides as a molecule of water is released.
A disaccharide is formed when ?
two monosaccharides join together
what is sucrose?
disaccharide
how is sucrose formed?
a condensation reaction between a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
what is lactose?
disaccharide
how is lactose formed?
a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
what breaks polymers apart?
hydrolysis reactions
what does polymers break down into?
monomers
what does a hydrolysis reaction do?
it breaks the chemical bond between monomers using a water molecule
what are polysaccharides?
loads of sugars joined together
how are polysaccharides formed?
more than two monosaccharides are joined together by condensation reactions
how do you test for sugars?
benedicts test
how do you test for starch?
iodine test
what’s the main energy storage material in plants?
starch
what’s the main energy storage material in animals?
glycogen
what’s the major component of cell walls in plants?
cellulose
