Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carbohydrates

A

Carbon molecules (carbo) combined with water (hydrate)

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2
Q

What is the name for a single monomer

A

Monosaccharide

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3
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

A pair of monosaccharides

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4
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Monosaccharides combined in larger numbers

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5
Q

What is the general formula for a monosaccharide

A

(CH2O)n where n is a number from 3 to 7
Eg glucose is a hexose sugar and will therefore have a formula of C6H12O6

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6
Q

What are examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

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7
Q

Draw alpha glucose

A

Answer on paper

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8
Q

Draw beta glucose

A

Answer on paper

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9
Q

Give examples of disaccharides and what monosaccharides make them

A

Alpha glucose + alpha glucose = maltose
Alpha glucose + fructose = sucrose
Alpha glucose + galactose = lactose

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10
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

When monosaccharides join and a molecule of water is removed

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11
Q

What bond is formed during a condensation reaction

A

Glycosidic

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12
Q

What solution is used to test for reducing sugars

A

Benedict’s

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13
Q

How do you test for reducing sugars

A

1- if sample is not already liquid grind and add to water
2-add 2cm3 of the sample to be tested into a test tube with an equal volume of Benedict’s solution
3-heat mixture in a gentle boiling water bath for 5 minutes.if reducing sugars is present solution will turn brisk red

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14
Q

How do you test for non reducing sugars

A

1- if sample is not already liquid grid and add to water
2- add 2cm3 of the sample being tested to equal parts Benedict’s solution in a test tube
3- heat the mixture i a gently boiling water bath for 5 minutes if solution doesn’t change colour then a reducing sugar is not present
4-add another 2cm3 of your testing sample to 2cm3 hydrochloric acid in a test tube and heat in a gently boiling water bath for 5 minutes
5-remove from the water bath and add some sodium hydrogen carbonate to the test tube I order to neutralise the hydrochloric acid
6-retest the resulting solution by heating with 2cm3 Benedict’s solution and add to a gently boiling water bath for 5 minutes. If non-reducing sugar is present solution will turn brick red

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15
Q

Why are polysaccharides suitable for storage

A

They are very large and insoluble

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16
Q

What is used to test for starch

A

Iodine

17
Q

How do you test for starch

A

1- place 2cm3 of the sample into a test tube of a depression in a spotting tile
2- add 2 drops of iodine and shake or stir
3-the presence of starch is indicated by a blue-black colouration