Carbohydrates

Question 1

What 3 elements are contained within carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 2

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Storage
Release of energy
Cellular structures (cellulose cell walls of plant cells)

Question 3

What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 4

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Are monomers (single units)
Form the building blocks for larger carbohydrates
Names are determined by the number of C atoms in the molecule

Question 5

What are disaccharides?

Answer 5

2 monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds during a condensation reaction

Question 6

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 6

Large complex carbohydrates formed from very large numbers of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds

Question 7

What is the general formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Cn(H2O)n
n = the number of C atoms in the monosaccharides

Question 8

What is the sugar called if it has 3 carbon atoms?

Answer 8

Triose
C3H6O3

Question 9

What is the sugar called if it has 5 carbon atoms?

Answer 9

Pentose
C5H10O5

Question 10

What is the sugar called if it has 6 carbon atoms?

Answer 10

Hexose
C6H12O6

Question 11

What is an isomer?

Answer 11

Molecules that have the same chemical formula
Different arrangements of their atoms

Question 12

Are alpha and beta glucoses isomers?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

How are alpha and beta glucoses isomers?

Answer 13

Have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6)
Positioning of the H atom & OH group on carbon 1 is different
Alpha: OH group is above & H atom is below
Beta: OH group is below & H atom is above

Question 14

Why are pentose & triose sugars important?

Answer 14

Biological importance
Pentose: deoxyribose sugar found in DNA nucleotides
Triose: intermediates in respiration and photosynthesis

Question 15

What are some examples of hexose sugars?

Answer 15

Fructose
Galactose

Question 16

What are some examples of pentose sugars?

Answer 16

Ribose
Deoxyribose sugar

Question 17

What is an example of a triose sugar?

Answer 17

Glyceraldehyde

Question 18

What are some properties of monosaccharides?

Answer 18

Small in size
Soluble in water
Easily dissolve inside cells
Easily transported in the bloodstream of animals

Question 19

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 19

Formed when 2 hexose sugars combine in a condensation reaction
A new glycosidic bond is formed with the elimination of water

Question 20

What is the general formula of disaccharides?

Answer 20

C12H22O11

Question 21

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 21

Maltose = alpha glucose + alpha glucose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose

Question 22

What is maltose?

Answer 22

Found inside seeds
An important source of glucose during germination

Question 23

What is sucrose?

Answer 23

Very soluble
Main sugar in fruits and nectar
Sweeter than glucose
Transported through the phloem of all plants

Question 24

What is lactose?

Answer 24

Found in mammalian milk
An important source of energy for their young
Not as soluble as glucose
Important in the production of glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 25

What is a 1-4 glycosidic bond?

Answer 25

Bond between carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 4 of another monosaccharide

Question 26

How can disaccharides be broken down to monosaccharides?

Answer 26

Hydrolysis reaction Breaking down the glycosidic bond with the insertion of water