Carbohydrates

Question 1

starch- function

Answer 1

plant energy storage

Question 2

glycogen- function

Answer 2

animal energy storage

Question 3

cellulose- function

Answer 3

plant cell wall structural support

Question 4

chitin- function

Answer 4

cell wall support of fungi, insects, and crustaceans

Question 5

peptidoglycan- function

Answer 5

bacterial cell wall support

Question 6

Monosaccharides

Answer 6

glucose, fructose, galactose
simple sugars

Question 7

Disaccharide

Answer 7

two sugars
sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 8

Oligosaccharide

Answer 8

small polymers
rfinose, stachyose

Question 9

polysaccharide

Answer 9

large polymers
starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 10

Important structural component of monosaccharides

Answer 10

location of the carbonyl group

Question 11

aldose

Answer 11

carbonyl group at the end

Question 12

ketose

Answer 12

carbonyl group at the middle

Question 13

Typical structure of monosaccharides

Answer 13

linear unless double bond is broken in water to become ring

Question 14

How are polysaccharides formed

Answer 14

condensation reaction between two hydroxyl groups links monos together and releases water forming covalent bond glycosidic linkage

Question 15

how are polysaccharide linkages broken

Answer 15

hydrolysis reaction adds water to

Question 16

most common polysaccharide linkage

Answer 16

C1-C4

Question 17

alpha linkages

Answer 17

point down

Question 18

beta linkages

Answer 18

point up

Question 19

amylose

Answer 19

unbranched startch alpha 1-4 linkages

Question 20

amylopectin

Answer 20

branched startch alpha 1,6 linkages

Question 21

what compounds did Millers experiment create

Answer 21

hydrogen cyanide, formaldehyde, amino acids

Question 22

Miller hypothesized

Answer 22

organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under early Earth conditions

Question 23

gram neg vs pos

Answer 23

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by a thin peptidoglycan cell wall, which itself is surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide. Gram-positive bacteria lack an outer membrane but are surrounded by layers of peptidoglycan many times thicker than is found in the Gram-negatives.

Question 24

gram pos

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan is a good target for antibacterial drugs making antibiotics to treat it easier than negative