Carbohydrates

Question 1

Describe monosaccharides.

Answer 1

contain only one carbonyl group and are a simple sugar

Question 2

Describe disaccharides

Answer 2

contain more than one sugar group (example: glycosides)

Question 3

Describe oligosaccharides

Answer 3

contain more than two sugar groups

Question 4

Describe polysaccharides

Answer 4

contain multiple sugar groups, and are usually long chained, with multiple more than 8-10 sugar groups

Question 5

Describe enantiomers

Answer 5

they are nonsuperimposable mirror images. for it to be an enantiomer there has to be a change within all of the chiral OH and not just one.

Question 6

Describe diastereomers

Answer 6

stereoisomers that are not mirror images

Question 7

Describe epimers

Answer 7

are two sugars that differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom

Question 8

Describe anomers

Answer 8

when there is a difference between the alpha and beta forms of the anomeric carbon

Question 9

Describe how glycosidic bonds are formed.

Answer 9

Two sugar molecules can be joined via a glycosidic bond between an anomeric carbon and a hydroxyl carbon