Carbohydrates Flashcards
Name the three types of monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Name the three disaccharides
Sucrose=glucose + fructose
Lactose = glucose + galactose
Maltose = glucose + glucose
What is a polymer
A large complex molecule made from repeating units of monomers chemically bonded in a condensation reaction
What is the type of bond that joins two monomers
Glycosidic bond
Name the monomer present in cellulose and the type of reaction that converts cellulose to its monomers
Beta glucose
Hydrolysis reaction
What is the food test for starch and what is a positive result
The iodine test
Positive result = colour change from orange/red- blue/black
What is the food test for reducing sugars and what is the positive test
The Benedict’s test
Positive test= colour change blue-brick red
What is the test for proteins and the positive test
The biuret test
Positive result= colour change to purple/lilac
What is the test for fats /lipids and what is the positive test
Ethanol + water
Positive test = milky white emulsion
What is the test for non-reducing sugars and what is the positive test
The Benedict’s test + hydrochloric acid then neutralise with sodium hydrogen carbonate add Benedict’s reagent again and heat to high temp
Positive test = blue - brick red
What is the structure of starch
- Helical
- polymer of alpha glucose
What are the properties of starch
- many points for enzymes to join
- insoluble
What is the function of starch
- Used for storage in plants
What is the structure of glycogen
- branched structure
- compact
- polymer of alpha glucose
What are the properties of glycogen
- Insoluble
- many points for enzymes to join
- 1,4 1,6 glycosidic bond
