Carbohydrates Flashcards
Describe monosaccharides
Consists of a single sugar molecule
Describe disaccharide
Contain two sugar molecules linked covalently together
Describe polysaccharides
Many sugar units covalently linked together
Describe condensation reactions and hydrolysis
When a disaccharide is formed, a molecule of water is lost and a new bond is formed. This type of chemical reaction is called a condensation reaction.
When a disaccharide is split into its monosaccharide units, a molecule of water is added and this process is known as hydrolysis.
Difference between alpha and beta glucose
Alpha glucose has the OH below the ring
Beta glucose has the OH above the ring
Molecular formula of glucose
C6H12O6
Functions of glucose
To provide a source of energy in respiration
Used as a raw material to make other compounds
Provide plants with energy when plants photosynthesise
Examples of reducing sugars
Glucose and fructose
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Another name for monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
Monosaccharides- monomers
Disaccharides- dimers
Polysaccharides- polymers
Examples of disaccharides
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Examples of polysaccharides
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch
Difference between non reducing and reducing sugars
Non reducing sugars are chemically unreactive and reducing sugars are reactive chemically
Molecular formula of sucrose
C12H22O11
Starch is a polymer of what glucose
Alpha glucose
