Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates is also known as

A

hydrate of carbon

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2
Q

The general or empirical formula of carbohydrates is

A

CHO

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3
Q

what are the two simplest monosaccharides?

A

glyceraldehyde (an aldostriose)
dihydroxyacetone (a ketotriose)

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4
Q

what is the classification of monosaccharides based on?

A

number of carbons:

triose (3)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)
heptose (7)

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5
Q

of the triose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?

A

aldoses: glycerose/glyceraldehyde
ketoses: dihydroxyacetone

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6
Q

of the tetrose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?

A

aldoses: erythrose
ketoses: erythrulose

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7
Q

of the pentose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?

A

aldoses: ribose, xylose, arabinose
ketoses: ribulose, xylulose

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8
Q

of the hexose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?

A

aldoses: glucose, galactose, mannose
ketoses: fructose

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9
Q

of the heptose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?

A

aldoses: glucoheptose, galactoheptose
ketoses: pseudoheptulose

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10
Q

what is an isomer?

A

same molecular formula but different structures

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11
Q

what are constitutional isomers?

A

differ in the order of attachment of atoms

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12
Q

what are stereoisomers?

A

atoms are connected in the same order but differ in spatial arrantment
can be enantiomers or diastereoisomers

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13
Q

what are enantiomers?

A

a type of stereoisomer that has a nonsuperimposable mirror image

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14
Q

what are diastereoisomers?

A

a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images

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15
Q

a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images

A

a type of diastereoisomer that differs at one of several asymmetric carbon atoms

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16
Q

what are anomers?

A

a type of diastereoisomer that differs at a new asymmetric carbon formed on ring closure

17
Q

are most CHOs in the D or L form?

A

D form

18
Q
A