Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrates is also known as
hydrate of carbon
The general or empirical formula of carbohydrates is
CHO
what are the two simplest monosaccharides?
glyceraldehyde (an aldostriose)
dihydroxyacetone (a ketotriose)
what is the classification of monosaccharides based on?
number of carbons:
triose (3)
tetrose (4)
pentose (5)
hexose (6)
heptose (7)
of the triose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?
aldoses: glycerose/glyceraldehyde
ketoses: dihydroxyacetone
of the tetrose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?
aldoses: erythrose
ketoses: erythrulose
of the pentose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?
aldoses: ribose, xylose, arabinose
ketoses: ribulose, xylulose
of the hexose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?
aldoses: glucose, galactose, mannose
ketoses: fructose
of the heptose monosaccharides, which are aldoses and which are ketoses?
aldoses: glucoheptose, galactoheptose
ketoses: pseudoheptulose
what is an isomer?
same molecular formula but different structures
what are constitutional isomers?
differ in the order of attachment of atoms
what are stereoisomers?
atoms are connected in the same order but differ in spatial arrantment
can be enantiomers or diastereoisomers
what are enantiomers?
a type of stereoisomer that has a nonsuperimposable mirror image
what are diastereoisomers?
a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images
a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images
a type of diastereoisomer that differs at one of several asymmetric carbon atoms