carbohydrates Flashcards
3 monosaccharides
glucose, frutose, galactose
type of reaction and bond when two monosaccharides react
condensation reaction, glycosidic bond
alpha glucose
down, down, up, down
beta glucose
up, down, up, down
reaction to form maltose
a glucose + a glucose -> maltose + water -> C1, C4 glycosidic bond
3 disaccharides
maltose, lactose, sucrose
reaction to form sucrose
a glucose + fructose -> sucrose + water
reaction to form lactose
a glucose + galactose -> lactose + water
monosaccharide “function group”
OH
disaccharide “functional” group
C-O-C
are glycosidic bonds reversible
yes
why are the glucoses’ isomers and hexoses
they are isomers as they have the same structure, but are just have a subtle structural difference which affects the properties
they are hexoses as they have 6 carbons
hydrolosis reaction
addition of water to break bonds in compounds back in to monomers
condensation reactions
formed between reactions monomers when a water molecule is released
polysaccharide examples + brief info
starch, glycogen, cellulose
they are NOT sugars, and are formed from repeated condensation reactions
starch info
a glucose
(made of amylose and amlyopectin)
it is insoluble, which means osmosis is not affected and this is in plants only
glycogen info
a glucose
only in animals, a storage
cellulose info
b glucose
plant cell walls, very strong
slow decomposition, very abundant
1 4 links with one glucose molecule flipped 180, creating strength
exam q
2 features of starch which make it useful as a storage molecules
-insoluble
-branched to make molecule compact
-polymer of a glucose for respiration
