carbohydrates Flashcards
these substances include carbohydrates. lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid (the 4 biomolecules)
bioorganic substances
this is the element of life
carbon
structural element of photosynthesis
cellulose
energy reservoir for plants
starch
energy reservoir for humans
glycogen
serves as energy currency of the human body
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
source of carbohydrates
plant products
carbohydrates, specifically ____, form the structural framework of DNA and RNA
Ribose
carbohydrates is present in lipids. true or false?
true
carbohydrates link to proteins and act as signals for cell recognition. true or false?
true
the common chemical formula of photosynthesis?
Cn(H20)n
what are carbohydrates? this means a substance with multiple OH
polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
this refers to reactions involving H20. how chemical reaction happens thru __
hydrolysis
is fructose a ketone or a aldehyde?
ketone
which monosaccharides are aldoses?
glucose, galactose
the common number of C atoms in a monosaccharide?
5 and 6
these sugars contain 2-10 monosaccharides
oligosaccharides
these sugars contain 2 monosaccharide units
disaccharides
also called as the table sugar
sucrose
also called the milk sugar
lactose
also called the malt sugar
maltose
these sugars are associated with proteins and lipids in human body for structural and regulatory functions
disaccharides
these sugars contain many monosaccharides bonded and branched
polysaccharides
these are images that coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other. these are achiral.
superimposable
these are images that are chiral or has handedness
non-superimposable
this refers to an atom attached to a 4 different groups
chiral center
almost all _____ are right handed (D)
monosaccharides
almost all ____ are left handed (L)
amino acids
isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but differ in the orientation of atoms in space
stereoisomers
stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other (chiral)
enantiomers
is carbohydrate a enantiomer or diastereoisomers?
enantiomers
basis for structure of carbohydrates
D and L system
four groups attached to the atom at the chiral center assume this geometry
tetrahedral arrangement
these isomers have lower boiling point as compared to straight chain because its active site is exposed
constitutional isomers
light move only in one direction
plane polarized light
our body reacts differently to different enantiomers. true or false?
true
which of the carbohydrates are aldohexose?
D-glucose
what is the meaning of aldohexose
an aldose group with 6 carbon atoms
which of the carbohydrates are ketohexose?
D-fructose
the sweet tasting sugar
fructose
this sugar is an aldopentose and is part of RNA, DNA, ATP
ribose