carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
what type of molecules are carbohydrates?
A
- organic molecules
2
Q
what elements do carbohydrates contain?
A
- atoms of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
3
Q
what is the general formula of carbohydrates?
A
Cx(H2O)y
4
Q
what are the monomers that make carbohydrates?
A
- monosaccharides
- eg. glucose, fructose, galactose
5
Q
what are the three types of carbohydrates?
A
- monosaccharides or single sugars
- dissaccharides
- polysaccharides
6
Q
describe the properties of monosaccharides
A
- single unit
- sweet tasting and soluble
- contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- formula (CH2O)n
- plays an important part in cell reactions
- 3-6 carbon atoms, maximum 9
- found in grapes, food and honey
7
Q
where are carbohydrates found?
A
- in wood
- starch
- linen
8
Q
what connective groups do monosaccharides contain?
A
- carboxyl group C=O
- hydroxyl group OH
9
Q
what are the two types of monosaccharides?
A
- pentose sugars - 5 carbons
- hexose sugars - 6 carbons
10
Q
give examples of pentose sugars
A
- DNA
- RNA
11
Q
give examples of hexose sugars
A
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
12
Q
describe glucose
A
- source of energy in respiration
- a hexose sugar
- monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms in each molecule
13
Q
Describe galactose
A
- occurs in nature as a constituent of lactose
- lactose is found in breastmilk
- important as an energy source
14
Q
Describe fructose
A
- nectar and fruits are rich in fructose
15
Q
How many types of glucose are there?
A
- 2
