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Food Preparation and Nutrition > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrate?

A

sugars and starches

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2
Q

What is dietary fibre?

A

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested to provide energy

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3
Q

How are carbohydrates mainly produced?

A

photosynthesis by plants

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4
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

the simplest form of carbohydrate structure

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5
Q

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides?

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

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6
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

two monosaccharides joined together

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7
Q

What are 3 examples of disaccharides and which monosaccharides are they made from?

A

maltose(glucose+glucose), lactose(glucose+galactose), sucrose (glucose+fructose)

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8
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

many monosaccharides joined together

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9
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A

starch, glycogen, dietary fibre, dextrin, cellulose, pectin

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10
Q

Why do sugars provide instant energy?

A

they are digested quickly

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11
Q

Why do starches release energy slowly?

A

they need to be digested into sugars before absorption

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12
Q

What are some sources of sugars?

A

table sugar, honey, jam, sweets, chocolate, fruit and vegetables

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13
Q

What are some sources of starch?

A

bread, pasta, rice, potatoes, breakfast cereals

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14
Q

What happens to excess carbohydrate?

A

converted to fat and stored under the skin

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15
Q

What are the effects of excess carbohydrate in the diet?

A

obesity

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16
Q

What are the effects of excess sugars in the diet?

A

dental decay, type 2 diabetes

17
Q

What are the effects of a deficiency in carbohydrates?

A

the body starts to use protein and fat as an energy source

18
Q

What is the scientific name for dietary fibre?

A

non-starch polysaccharide

19
Q

What happens when soluble NSP absorbs water?

A

it forms a gel-like substance that can prevent the absorption of cholesterol

20
Q

What happens to insoluble NSP in the body?

A

it is not absorbed and passes through the body as waste

21
Q

What are the benefits of eating insoluble NSP?

A

helps prevent bowel diseases

22
Q

What is the function of dietary fibre?

A

makes food passing through the intestines soft and bulky

23
Q

What are some sources of dietary fibre?

A

wholemeal bread, wholegrain breakfast cereals, wholemeal pasta, wholemeal flour, fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds

24
Q

How much fibre should adults consume per day?

A

18g

25
Q

What can fibre deficiency lead to?

A

constipation, diverticular disease, bowel cancer

Food Preparation and Nutrition (3 decks)

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