Carbohydrates Flashcards
What type of bonds are in amylopectin
1,4 1,6
What type of bonds are in amylose
1,4 glycosidic bonds
Is amylopectin branched or unbranched
Branched
Benefits of branched structure of amylopectin
Large SA
Enzymes easily break down
Glucose for respiration
Is amylopectin soluble
No
Type of glucose in amylose
Alpha
Is amylose branched
No
How amylose is adapted as a storage molecule
Coils up to spiral shape held by hydrogen bonds which causes compact structure
Large molecule so cannot leave cell
Insoluble so does not have defect osmosis
Type of glucose in glycogen
Alpha glucose
Bonds in glycogen
1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
Use of glycogen
Energy storage in animals
Stored in liver and is activated by hypothalamus
How branches of glycogen effect properties
Large branches for rapid breakdown into glucose (more branched than amylopectin)
Structure of glycogen: adapted for function
Compact- rapid glucose release
Insoluble- doesn’t effect osmosis
Large molecule - does not leave cell
Branched- rapid glucose release
Type of glucose in cellulose
Beta glucose
Type of bonds in cellulose
1,4 glycosidic bonds
Use of cellulose
Used for structural support in cell walls
How structure of cellulose effects function
Unbranded and linear made from microfibril fibres to be strong
Type of glucose in amylose and amylopectin
Alpha
Structure of deoxyribose compared to ribose
Carbon 2 has an oxygen missing
Structure of maltose
Alpha maltose (two alpha joined)
Beta maltose (two beta joined)
Structure of sucrose
Fructose and glucose joined
Structure of lactose
Beta glalactose and beta glucose
Products from condensation of two alpha glucose
Maltose
Glycogen
Starch
is fructose a mono or disaccharide
mono
