Carbohydrates

Question 1

Hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derives based on the location of CO functional group

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Composed of monosaccharide,polysaccharide,oligosaccharides,disaccharides

Answer 2

Carbohydrates

Question 3

Simplest carbohydrates

Answer 3

Glycol aldehyde

Question 4

Glucose metabolism generates

Answer 4

Pyruvic acid, lactic acid, acetyl coenzyme A

Question 5

The complete oxidation of glucose yields

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide,water,adenosine triphosphate

Question 6

Reducing substance/sugars

Answer 6

Glucose,maltose,galactose,fructose,lactose

Question 7

These presence will make glucose an active reducing substance

Answer 7

Double bond,negative charge in enol anion

Question 8

most non-reducing sugar (does not contain aldehyde/ketone gtoup

Answer 8

sucrose

Question 9

both endocrine and exocrine organ in control of carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 9

pancreas

Question 10

why pancreas is an endocrine gland?

Answer 10

it secretes the hormones’ insulin, glucagon and somatostatin from different cells residing in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 11

why pancreas is an exocrine gland?

Answer 11

it produces and secretes an amylase responsible for the breakdown of ingested complex carbohydrates.

Question 12

the primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell

Answer 12

insulin

Question 13

synthesized by the ______ of islets of insulin (insulin)

Answer 13

B-cells

Question 14

only hormone that decreases glucose levels (hypoglycemic agent)

Answer 14

insulin

Question 15

primary hormone responsible for increasing glucose – hyperglycemic agent.

Answer 15

glucagon

Question 16

synthesized by the _____ of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. (glucagon)

Answer 16

a-cell

Question 17

enhances catabolic functions during fasting periods; promotes ____

Answer 17

glycogenolysis

Question 18

It promotes ______,____-,_____ and ____

Answer 18

glycogenolysis glycogenesis, lipogenesis and glycolysis; decrease glycogenolysis.

Question 19

secreted by the cells of the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex; decreased glucose entry;promote gluconeogenesis and lipolysis

Answer 19

cortisol and corticosteroids (glucocorticoids)

Question 20

released from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla;promote glycogenolysis and lipolysis

Answer 20

cathecholamines

Question 21

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland;decreases entry of glucose into the cell;promotes glycogenolysis and glycolysis

Answer 21

growth hormone

Question 22

promotes glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and intestinal absorption of glucose.

Answer 22

thyroid hormone

Question 23

stimulates release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex;promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 23

ACTH (adrenocorticothropic hormone)

Question 24

is produced by the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas;synthesized in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus;primarily inhibits the action of insulin, growth hormone and glucagon

Answer 24

somastostatin

Question 25

increase in blood glucose concentration; toxic to beta cell; cause stress, dehydration, pregnancy, severe infection, pancreatectomy, hemochromatosis, insulin deficiency or abnormal insulin receptor (>/ 126 mg/dL)

Answer 25

hyperglycemia

Question 26

laboratory findings in hyperglycemic

Answer 26

Increase glucose in plasma and urine
Increase urine specific gravity
Ketones in serum and urine
Decrease blood and urine pH (acidosis)
Electrolyte imbalance (↓〖Na〗^+,↑K^+,↓〖hCO〗_3)

Question 27

imbalance between glucose utilization and production;related to CNS

Answer 27

hypoglycemia