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Animal Nutrition > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Can be defined as polyhydroxy aldehyde, ketones or acids and their derivatives or compounds that yield these derivatives on hydrolysis

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

Carbohydrates are neutral chemical compounds containing the element _______,________ and ______

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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3
Q

Two groups of carbohydrates

A

Soluble carbohydrates
Insoluble carbohydrates

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4
Q

They are called nitrogen free extract (NFE) and include simple sugar , starch and hemicellulose, which are easily digestible in the body.

A

Soluble carbohydrates

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5
Q

They include hard for fribous substance like crude fibre, cellulose and lignin.

A

Insoluble carbohydrates

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6
Q

They are less digestible by non- ruminants and easily digested in ruminants by rumen…..

A

Microflora
Microfauna

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7
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A
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8
Q

Carbohydrates are usually divided in to two major groups

A

Sugar and non-sugar

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9
Q

Is generally restricted to those carbohydrates, which contain less than ten monosaccharide residues.

A

Sugar/s

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10
Q

The simplest sugars are the?

A

Monosaccharides

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11
Q

They cannot be hydrolysed into smaller units under reasonably mild conditions.

A

Monosaccharides

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12
Q

Monosaccharides can be divided into sub- groups depending upon the number of carbon atoms present in the molecules …

A

Triose
Tetroses
Pentoses
Hexoses

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13
Q

____________ have the general formula CSH100S. The most important member of this group are the ________,________, ________,_________,_________,_________,_______

A

(Pentoses)
Aldoses
L- arabinose
D-xylose and D-ribose
Ketose
D-xylulose and D-ribulose

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14
Q

Occurs in pentosans as arabans. It is a component of hemicellulose and gum and present is silage.

A

L- arabinose

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15
Q

Also occurs in pentosans in the forms of xylans

A

D- xylose

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16
Q

It is present in all living cells as a constituent of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and it is also a component of several vitamins and coenzymes

A

D-ribose

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17
Q

Glucose and fructose are the most important naturally occurring hexose sugar, while mannose and galactose occur in plants in a polymerized form as mannans and galcutans

A

Hexoses

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18
Q

This sugar occurs in plants, fruits, honey, blood and other body fluid.

A

D- glucose

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19
Q

It occurs free in green leaves, fruit and honey. It also occurs in disaccharides- sucrose and in fructosans.

A

Fructose or fruit sugar

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20
Q

It occurs in polymerized form as mannan. It does not occur free in nature.

A

Mannose

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21
Q

It is a constituent of disaccharide lactose, which occurs in milk and is also a component of gum, mucilages, pigments etc. It does not exist free in nature as Mannose.

A

Galactose

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22
Q

Sedoheptulose is an important example of a monosaccharide containing seven carbon atoms. __________ occurs as the phosphate, as an intermediate in the pentose phosphate metabolic pathways.

A

Heptoses

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23
Q

Sugars are divided into two groups:

A

Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides

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24
Q

Includes all sugars other than the monosaccharides.

A

Oligosaccharide ( oligo= few)

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25
Q

(Oligosaccharides)
Monosaccharides linked together with a elimination of water at each linkage and the produces….

A

di, tri, tetra
Disaccharide, trisaccharide and tetra saccharide

26
Q

The most nutritionally important disaccharide are

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Cellobiose

27
Q

It is the familiar sugar of domestic use, widely distributed in nature an occurs in most of the plants

A

Sucrose, cane sugar, beet sugar or saccharose

28
Q

-It occurs in milk only as a product of mammary gland.
- On hydrolysis it produces one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

A

Lactose or milk sugar

29
Q

It is produced during the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen by dilute acids or enzymes or during the germination of barley by the action of the enzyme amylase.
- on hydrolysis it yields two molecules of glucose

A

Maltose or malt sugar

30
Q

Does not exist naturally as a free sugar, but is the basic repeating unit of cellulose.
- it is less soluble and less sweet

A

Cellobiose

31
Q

-The unions of three molecules of hexose sugars form

A

Trisaccharides

32
Q

Are produced by union of four hexose residues

A

Tetrasaccharides

33
Q

Distributed widely in plants

A

Raffinose

34
Q

Is an example of tetrasaccharide, which is nonreducing sugar.

A

Stachyose

35
Q

They are tasteless , insoluble, amorphous compounds with high molecular weight.

A

Non-sugars

36
Q

Non-sugars divided into sub groups

A

Homopolysaccharides
Heteropolysaccharides

37
Q

Under of monosaccharide

A

Triose
Tetroses
Pentoses
Hexoses

38
Q

Are long chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds

A

Polysaccharide

39
Q

The reserved of most plants consist of primarily of _________

A

Starch

40
Q

The small amount of carbohydrate reserve in the liver and muscles in the form of ________, which also called “ Animal starch”

A

Glycogen

41
Q

Is the main carbohydrate storage product in the animal body an plays an essential role in energy metabolism

A

Glycogen

42
Q

Are soluble in water and produce gum like solutions.

A

Dextrin

43
Q

Is more resistant to chemical agents than the other glucosans

A

Cellulose

44
Q

Produce by germinating seeds, fungi, and bacteria attack cellulose an produce cellubiose, which is acted upon by enzyme cellubiase and produce glucoses.

A

Enzyme

45
Q

They are classified according to the kind of sugar, which produce on hydrolysis.

A

Homopolysaccharides

46
Q

They mixed polysaccharides, which on hydrolysis yield mixtures of monosaccharides and derivatives products

A

Heteropolysaccharides

47
Q

It is glucan and is the most abundant in plant

A

Cellulose

48
Q

It occurs as reserve material in roots, stems, leaves and seeds of a variety of plants.

A

Frutosans

49
Q

This are polysaccharides which occur in cell wall of plants. It is component of palm seeds, clovers and Lucerne.

A

Galactans and Mannans

50
Q

used to refer to a group of plant polysaccharides
in which D-galacturonic acid is the main constituent in which some of the free carboxyl groups
are esterified with methyl alcohol and others are combined with calcium or magnesium ions.

A

Pectin

51
Q

Pectic substances are
found in peel of citrus fruit, sugar beet pulp. Pectinic acid posses gelling properties and are
used in Jam making

A

Pectin

52
Q

It is a major constituent of the exoskeleton of insects and crustacea.

A

Chitin

53
Q

is a group of substances, including araban, xylan
and certain hexosans and polyuronides, which are much less resistant to chemical agents than
cellulose.

A

Hemicellulose

54
Q

It is a useful plant gum and produced from the wound in the plant,
although they may arise as natural exudates from bark and leaves. Acacia gum has long been
familiar substance; in hydrolysis it yields arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid.

A

Gum arabic

55
Q

are found in few plants and seeds.

A

Mucilages

56
Q

It is sulphated polysaccharides. They are found as constituents of seaweeds and
in mammalian tissues. It is used as a gel-farming agent in microbial studies. Agar is a mixture
of at least two polysaccharides containing sulphate ester of galactose, glucuronic acid and other
compounds.

A

Agar

57
Q

: It is grouped under amino polysaccharides. It is present in the skin,
synovial fluid and umblical cord.

A

Hyaluronic acid

58
Q

It is an anticoagulant, which occur in blood, liver and lung. On hydrolysis
heparin yields glucuronic acid, glucosamine and sulphuric acid.

A

Heparin

59
Q

The woody parts of plants contain a complex indigestible substance called

A

Lignin

60
Q

All carbohydrates are converted into

A

Pyruvic acid

61
Q

mainly responsible for fermentation in the digestive tract are
mainly strict anaerobes although, there may be a small number of facultative anaerobes.

A

Bacteria and protozoa

62
Q

Volatile fatty acids are?

A

Acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid

Animal Nutrition (1 decks)

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