carbohydrates

Question 1

what are monomers?

Answer 1

Monomers are smaller unit which can create larger molecules

Question 2

name the elements present in carbohydrates

Answer 2

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

name carbohydrates that are monomers

Answer 3

Glucose Fructose Galactose

Question 4

name carbohydrates that are polymers

Answer 4

starch Cellulose Glycogen

Question 5

What is glucose?

Answer 5

A very important monossaccharide, that is a hexose sugar and has the formula of C6H12O6. And two isomers.

Question 6

alpha glucose

Answer 6

both OH at the bottom

Question 7

beta glucose

Answer 7

one OH at top and the other OH at bottom

Question 8

How could you test if a food contained reducing sugars?

Answer 8

Conduct benedict’s test
Add 2 cm3 of the food sample to be tested in a test tube. If the sample is not in a liquid form already, grind it in water. Add an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent and lastly heat the mixture gently in a water bath for five minutes

Question 9

Which molecules are reducing sugars? And why?

Answer 9

All monosaccharides and most disaccharides except sucrose. Because they reduce ions

Question 10

Colour of reducing sugars test if positive

Answer 10

Orange brown

Question 11

What are disaccharides?

Answer 11

Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond, during a condensation reaction with the formation and release of water

Question 12

Disaccharides example

Answer 12

Glucose+glucose= maltose (+water)

Glucose+galactose= lactose (+water)

Glucose+fructose= sucrose (+water)

Question 13

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 13

A reaction that joins up molecules together with the release of water

Question 14

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 14

A hydrolysis reaction is a reaction that divides and splits apart 2 molecules by breaking the chemical bonds with the use of water molecule

Question 15

What is starch and where is it found and what is its function?

Answer 15

Starch is a polysaccharide formed by amylose and amylopectin ( both are two polymers of alpha glucose).
Starch is found in grains in plants, for example inside chloroplast. And its function it is an insoloble store of glucose. This is important because Glucose is soluble in water, so if it is stored in plant cells i can affects the way water moves into and out of cells. Starch is insoluble so has no effect on the water balance in plant cells.

Question 16

What are polymers?

Answer 16

Polymers are larger molecules which are made up of smaller unit called monomers bonded together

Question 17

What are the two polymers/polysaccharides that make starch?

Answer 17

Amylopectin(branched) and
Amylose(straight chain,not branched)

Question 18

What is glycogen made out of? And where is it found?

Answer 18

Made from alpha glucose and found in muscle and liver cells on animals

Question 18

What is glycogen made out of? And where is it found?

Answer 18

Made from alpha glucose and found in muscle and liver cells on animals

Question 19

What type of reaction forms glycogen and what type of bonds are present?

Answer 19

A condensation reaction many 2 type f bonds between the alpha molecules. The bonds present are 1,4 glycosidic bonds and a lot more 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Question 20

What is cellulose made out of ? And where is it found?

Answer 20

Made up of beta glucose and it is found in plant cell wall

Question 21

What is the structure of cellulose? What type of bonds are there and what type of reaction forms

Answer 21

A condesation reactions forms the Cellulose molecule, which contains only 1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose is now in straight polymer chains of beta glucose. The long chains then lie parallel held together by many hydrogen bonds

Question 22

Whats the function of cellulose and how does it relate to its structure?

Answer 22

It’s function is to provide structure strenght to the cell wall. it does this by the presence of many hydroggen bonds which provide collective strenght to the cell wall. It is also insoluble and does not dissolve in water.