Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 1

Large biological molecule

Question 2

Monomer

Answer 2

Simple molecule as a building block for synthesis of a polymer

Question 3

Polymer

Answer 3

Giant molecule made from repeating subunits (monomers) joined together in a chain

Question 4

What elements does carbohydrate contain?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 5

General formula of carbohydrate

Answer 5

Cx(H2O)y

Question 6

Monosaccharides

Answer 6

Simple sugar

Question 7

General formula of monosaccharides

Answer 7

(CH2O)n

Question 8

Main type of monosaccharides

Answer 8

Trioses, pentoses, hexoses

Question 9

Formula of hexoses

Answer 9

C6H12O6

Question 10

2 main roles of monosaccharides

Answer 10

Source of energy in respiration and as building blocks for polymers

Question 11

Disaccharides

Answer 11

Sugar molecule consisting of 2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bond

Question 12

Maltose consists of:

Answer 12

2 alpha glucose molecules

Question 13

Sucrose consists of:

Answer 13

Alpha glucose + fructose

Question 14

Lactose consists of:

Answer 14

Beta glucose + galactose

Question 15

Polysaccharide

Answer 15

Polymer formed by many monosaccharide subunits together joined by glycosidic bonds in condensation reaction

Question 16

Examples of polysaccharide

Answer 16

Cellulose, starch and glycogen

Question 17

2 forms of starch

Answer 17

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 18

Structure of amylose

Answer 18

Long unbranching chains of 1,4 linked alpha glucose molecules in a helix shaped chain

Question 19

Structure of amylopectin

Answer 19

Chains are shorter consisting of 1,4 linked alpha glucose. Branches are formed by 1,6 linkages.

Question 20

Glycogen structure

Answer 20

alpha glucose molecules joined by 1,4 linkages and highly branched 1,6 glycosidic bonds more frequently. It is not coiled.

Question 21

Cellulose structure

Answer 21

Polymer of beta glucose joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds