Carbohydrates

Question 1

what elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

properties of a monosaccharide?

Answer 2

relatively small molecules
sweet
soluble in water
all monosaccharides are reducing sugars

Question 3

what are the 3 important sugars that are monosaccharides?

Answer 3

glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 4

role of glucose?

Answer 4

our body transports glucose in the blood and all cells use it for respiration

Question 5

properties of fructose?

Answer 5

found in cells and is the sweetest common sugar

Question 6

properties of galactose?

Answer 6

forms parts of glycolipids (sugar lipids) and glycoproteins (sugar proteins)

Question 7

properties of disaccharides?

Answer 7

soluble in water

some are reducing sugars, some are non-reducing sugars

Question 8

what are disaccharides made out of?

Answer 8

2 monosaccharides

Question 9

what is the reaction to form a disaccharide called?

Answer 9

condensation

Question 10

what is the reaction to ‘digest’ a disaccharide into a monosaccharide called?

Answer 10

hydrolysis

Question 11

what is the bond between monosaccharides called?

Answer 11

glycosidic bond

Question 12

3 important disaccharides?

Answer 12

sucrose, lactose and maltose

Question 13

what is sucrose formed from?
where is sucrose found in?
property of sucrose?

Answer 13

formed from a molecule of glucose and a molecule of fructose
found in sugar cane
is not a reducing sugar

Question 14

what is lactose formed from?

where is lactose found in?

Answer 14

formed from a molecule of galactose and a molecule of glucose
found in milk

Question 15

what is maltose formed from?

where is maltose found in?

Answer 15

formed from 2 molecules of a-glucose by starch hydrolysis

found in germinating barley

Question 16

what are polysaccharides made out of?

Answer 16

many many monosaccharides condensed together

Question 17

properties of polysaccharides?

Answer 17

is a macromolecule

each polysaccharide usually contains 1 type of monomer

Question 18

3 important polysaccharides?

Answer 18

starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 19

structure of starch?

Answer 19

mixture of 2 polysaccharides, - amylose and amylopectin - consisting of glucose molecules

is a helix

Question 20

role of starch?

Answer 20

major storage carbohydrate of most plants as an important energy source

Question 21

where is starch found in?

Answer 21

found in storage organs of plants, such as potato tubers and tapioca

Question 22

structure of cellulose?

Answer 22

Polymer of glucose molecules

Long threads

Question 23

role of cellulose?

Answer 23

Provides support in plant cells. Serves as dietary fibre (undigestible) in humans and prevents constipation.

Question 24

where is cellulose found in?

Answer 24

cell walls of plants

Question 25

structure of glycogen?

Answer 25

Polymer of a-glucose molecules
Highly branched
Helix+branching

Question 26

role of glycogen?

Answer 26

Form of storage in mammals. When needed, it can be digested to glucose to provide energy.

Question 27

where is glycogen found in?

Answer 27

liver, muscles and tissue cells of mammals