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4006 - Organic chemistry and Cellular Macromolecules > Carbohydrate monomers and polymers > Flashcards

Carbohydrate monomers and polymers Flashcards

1
Q

What compounds are sugars?

A

carbohydrates

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2
Q

Equation for glucose

A

6CO2 + 6H20 + energy -> glucose + 6O2

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3
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Carbon based molecules, rich in hydroxyl groups

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4
Q

Empirical formule for carbohydrates?

A

Typical empirical formula (CH20)n

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5
Q

What groups do carbohydrates contain?

A
  • aldehyde
  • ketose
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6
Q

Stereoisomer of carbohydrates?

A

non-superimposable mirror image

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7
Q

What are individual sugars known as?

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

List common monosaccharides and number of Cs

A

C3 - trioses
C4 - tetrose
C5 - pentose
C6 - hexose
C7 - septose

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9
Q

What are monosaccharides with an aldehyde group called?

A

aldoses

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10
Q

What are monosaccharides with a ketose group called?

A

ketoses

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11
Q

What types of aldoses are chiral?

A

aldoses with 3C or more

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12
Q

What types of ketoses are chiral?

A

4C or more

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13
Q

Difference between types of saccharides

A

mono - simple sugar
di - two sugars
oligo - a few (3-10)
poly - polymers of simple sugars

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14
Q

What is lactose?

A

disaccharide - sugar in milk

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15
Q

What is lactose broken down by?

A

lactase

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16
Q

lactose intolerance

A

lack of lactase

17
Q

Types of starch?

A
  • amylose
  • amylopectin
18
Q

examples of polysaccharides

A
  • starch
  • cellulose
  • chitin (amide derivative of glucose)
19
Q

Formed of what molecules

A

Thousands of glucose molecules

20
Q

Structure of glycogen

A

similar to amylopectin - more branched tho

21
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A
  • liver
  • muscle
22
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

sugars covalently attached to proteins

23
Q

Roles of glycoproteins

A
  • coded information
  • recognition signal
  • homing receptor for lymphoctyes
  • neuronal adhesion in NS

4006 - Organic chemistry and Cellular Macromolecules (4 decks)

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