Carbohydrate monomers and polymers Flashcards
What compounds are sugars?
carbohydrates
Equation for glucose
6CO2 + 6H20 + energy -> glucose + 6O2
What are carbohydrates?
Carbon based molecules, rich in hydroxyl groups
Empirical formule for carbohydrates?
Typical empirical formula (CH20)n
What groups do carbohydrates contain?
- aldehyde
- ketose
Stereoisomer of carbohydrates?
non-superimposable mirror image
What are individual sugars known as?
monosaccharides
List common monosaccharides and number of Cs
C3 - trioses
C4 - tetrose
C5 - pentose
C6 - hexose
C7 - septose
What are monosaccharides with an aldehyde group called?
aldoses
What are monosaccharides with a ketose group called?
ketoses
What types of aldoses are chiral?
aldoses with 3C or more
What types of ketoses are chiral?
4C or more
Difference between types of saccharides
mono - simple sugar
di - two sugars
oligo - a few (3-10)
poly - polymers of simple sugars
What is lactose?
disaccharide - sugar in milk
What is lactose broken down by?
lactase
lactose intolerance
lack of lactase
Types of starch?
- amylose
- amylopectin
examples of polysaccharides
- starch
- cellulose
- chitin (amide derivative of glucose)
Formed of what molecules
Thousands of glucose molecules
Structure of glycogen
similar to amylopectin - more branched tho
Where is glycogen stored?
- liver
- muscle
What are glycoproteins?
sugars covalently attached to proteins
Roles of glycoproteins
- coded information
- recognition signal
- homing receptor for lymphoctyes
- neuronal adhesion in NS
