Carbohydrate Digestion

Question 1

The human body can only handle what form of sugar

Answer 1

D- form (dextrose)

Question 2

Alpha ring structure

Answer 2

hydroxyl group is on the bottom of the ring structure

Question 3

Beta ring structure

Answer 3

hydroxyl group is on top of the ring structure

Question 4

glycocitic linkage

Answer 4

OH interacts with another OH or monosaccaride

this is how we get di, oligo, and poly saccharides

Question 5

Maltose

Answer 5

glucose + glucose

glc-alpha 1-4 glc

Question 6

sucrose

Answer 6

glucose + fructose

glc-alpha 1-2

Question 7

lactose

Answer 7

galactose + glucose

glc beta 1-4

Question 8

Amylose

Answer 8

(starch)

alpha 1-4 glc only

Question 9

Amylopectin

Answer 9

(starch)

alpha 1-4 glc
Branch point at alpha 1-6

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

extensively branched

alpha 1-6 glc (more than amylopectin)

Question 11

Why cant cellulose be digested by animals

Answer 11

Beta 1-4 glc

animals lack cellulase enzyme

Question 12

What purpsose does cellulose serve

Answer 12

it is an important dietary fiber. Since it is not digested it stretches the intestinal wall to allow more access to food for enzymes

Question 13

Important heterosaccharides

Answer 13

Hyaluronates 
Chondrotin 4 and 6 sulfates 
keratan sulfates 
dematan sulfates 
Heparin 
Heparan sulfates

Question 14

Proetoglycan

Answer 14

Glycoconjugate with 10% protein and 90% carbohydrate

Question 15

Glycoprotein

Answer 15

glycoconjugate with 90% protein and 10% carbohydrate

Question 16

Major portion of carbohydrate in foods

Answer 16

strach

Question 17

in what form are carbohydrates absorbed by enterocytes (how?)

Answer 17

Monosaccharides via facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Brush border oligosaccharidases

Answer 18

maltase
sucrase
isomaltase 
lactase 
trehalase (for digestion of mushrooms)

Question 19

Product of maltase

Answer 19

glucose

Question 20

Product of sucrase

Answer 20

glucose and fructose

Question 21

Product of lactase

Answer 21

glucose and galactose

Question 22

product of trehalse

Answer 22

glucose

Question 23

Amylase

Answer 23

acts on starch to convert it to oligosaccharide and disaccharide

alpha amylase works on alpha 1-4 glc

Question 24

glucose and galactose transport

Answer 24

SGLT = Na carrier protein

against the concentration gradient

Question 25

Fructose transport

Answer 25

facilitated diffusion GLUT 5 transport

Question 26

how do monosaccharides enter the blood

Answer 26

all four enter the capillary through facilitated diffusion (Na) on GLUT2

Question 27

most glucose is transported in the body through which transporter

Answer 27

GLUT4