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BIOCHEMIXAL PRODUCTION > CARBO MET > Flashcards

CARBO MET Flashcards

1
Q

biochemical process by which food molecules are broken down through hydrolysis

A

DIGESTION

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2
Q

Principles of Digestion

A

Mouth and the Small intestine

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3
Q

the metabolic pathway by which glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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4
Q

metabolic pathways in which molecular oxygen is not a participant

A

ANAEROBIC PATHWAYS

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5
Q

Pathways that require molecular oxygen

A

AEROBIC OXYGEN

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6
Q

6 Carbon stage

A

energy consuming stage

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7
Q

Step 1: Phosphorylation

A

Formation of glucose 6- phosphate

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8
Q

enzyme in the formation of glucose 6- phosphate

A

hexokinase

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9
Q

Step 2: Isomerization

A

Formation of Fructose 6-Phosphate

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10
Q

enzyme in formation of fructose 6 phosphate

A

Phosphoglucoisomerase

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11
Q

Step 3: Phosphorylation

A

Formation of Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

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12
Q

Enzyme in the formation of fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

A

Phosphofructokinase

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13
Q

Step 4: Cleavage

A

Formation of two triose phosphates

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14
Q

enzyme in the formation two triose phosphates

A

ALDOLASE

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15
Q

Products in step 4

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, Glyceraldehyde 3- Phosphate

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16
Q

Step 5: Isomerization

A

Formation of Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate

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17
Q

enzyme in formation of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

A

Triosephosphate isomerase

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18
Q

Products in step 5

A

2 units of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate

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19
Q

Step 6: Oxidation and Phosphorylation

A

Formation of 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate

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20
Q

enzyme in step 6

A

Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase

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21
Q

Step 7: Phosphorylation of ADP

A

Formation of 3 Phosphoglycerate

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22
Q

enzyme in phosphorylation of ADP

A

Phosphoglycerokinase

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23
Q

Products in step 7

A

3 Phosphoglycerate, ATP

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24
Q

The biochemical process by which a high energy phosphate group from an intermediate compound is directly transferred to ADP to produce ATP

A

Substrate-level phosphorylation

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25
Q

Step 8: Isomerization

A

Formation of 2- Phosphoglycerate

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26
Q

enzyme in formation of 2 Phosphoglycerate

A

PHOSPHOGLYCEROMUTASE

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27
Q

Step 9: Dehydration

A

Formation of Phosphoenolpyruvate

28
Q

enzyme in formation of phosphoenolpyruvate

A

enolase

29
Q

Step 10: Phosphorylation of ADP

A

Formation of Pyruvate

30
Q

enzyme in the formation of pyruvate

A

pyruvate kinase

31
Q

Product of the formation of pyruvate

A

Pyruvate and 2 ATP molecules

32
Q

Steps 1, 3, and 10

A

control point

33
Q

the biochemical process by which NADH is oxidized to NAD without the need for oxygen

A

FERMENTATION

34
Q

enzymatic anaerobic reduction of pyruvate to lactate

A

Lactate fermentation

35
Q

enzyme in lactate fermentation

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

36
Q

the enzymatic anaerobic conversion or pyruvate to ethanol and carbon dioxide

A

Ethanol fermentation

37
Q

enzyme in ethanol fermentation

A

pyruvate decarboxylase

38
Q

the metabolic pathway by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose 6 phosphate

A

Glycogenesis

39
Q

Glycogenesis: Step 1

A

Formation of Gluose 1 phosphate

40
Q

enzyme in the formation of glucose 1 phosphate

A

Phosphoglucomutase

41
Q

Glycogenesis Step 2

A

Formation of UDP- glucose

42
Q

enzyme in the formation of UDP- glucose

A

UDP- glucose pyrophosphorylase

43
Q

Glycogenesis: Step 3

A

Glucose transfer to a glycogen chain

44
Q

enzyme in the step 3 of glycogenesis

A

Glycogen synthetase

45
Q

the metabolic pathway by which glucose 6 phosphate is produced from glycogen

A

Glycogenolysis

46
Q

Glycogenolysis: Step 1

A

Phosphorylation of a glucose residue

47
Q

enzyme in step 1 of glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

48
Q

Glycogenolysis: Step 2

A

Glucose 1 Phosphate isomerization

49
Q

enzyme in glucose 1 phosphate isomerization

A

Phosphoglucomutase

50
Q

stimulus of muscles and brain cells

A

immediate need of energy

51
Q

stimulus of liver cells

A

low level of glucose

52
Q

The metabolic pathway by which glucose is synthesized from non carbohydrate materials

A

Gluconeogenesis

53
Q

the non carbohydrate materials in gluconeogenesis are

A

lactate, glycerol, amino acids

54
Q

Gluconeogenesis takes place in the

A

liver

55
Q

helps maintain normal blood glucose levels in times of inadequate dietary carbohydrate intake

A

gluconeogensis

56
Q

introduced the cori cycle

A

Gerty Radnitz cori and carl cori

57
Q

a cyclic biochemical process in which glucose is converted to lactate in muscle tissue, the lactate is reconverted to glucose in the liver, and the glucose is returned to tje muscle tissue

A

Cori Cycle

58
Q

the metabolic pathway by which glucose is used to to produced NADPH, ribose 5 phosphate

A

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

59
Q

2 stages between pentose phosphate pathway

A

Oxidative and non oxidative

60
Q

involves 3 steps through which glucose 6 phosphate is converted to ribulose 5 phosphate and CO2

A

Oxidative stage

61
Q

First step involves isomerization of ribulose 5 phosphate to ribose 5 phosphate and then further conversion of ribose 5 phosphate to numerous other sugar phosphates.

A

non oxidative stage

62
Q

is a key enzyme in the non oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway that transfers a two-carbon aldehyde unit from ketose donor to aldose acceptor sugar

A

Transketolase

63
Q

is a key enzyme in the non oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway that transfers a 3 carbon aldehyde unit from ketose donor to aldose acceptor sugar

A

Transaldolase

64
Q

is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas

A

insulin

65
Q

it promotes the uptake and utilization of glucose by cells. function to lower blood glucose levels

A

insulin

66
Q

polypeptide hormone produced in the pancreas alpha cells. It is released when glucose levels are low. its function is to increase blood-glucose concentration by speeding up the conversion of glycogen to glucose and gluconeogenesis

A

Glucagon

67
Q

Stimulation of glycogenolysis, the release of glucose from glycogen. Its primar target is muscle cells, where energy is needed for quick action, It also functions in lipid metabolism

A

Epinephrine

BIOCHEMIXAL PRODUCTION (3 decks)

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