CAR03-2003 Flashcards
Define free sugars.
Monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods and beverages by the manufacturer/cook/consumer
And sugars naturally potent in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates
What is better term for free sugars?
Non-milk extrinsic sugars
Give examples of free sugars.
Sucrose
Glucose and glucose syrup
Fructose
(Lactose)
Maltose
Dextrose
Hydrolysed starch
What are some non-nutritive sugar substitutes?
Sacharine
Acesulfame K
Aspartame
Thaumatin
Cyclamate
What are some nutritive sugar substitutes?
Sorbitol
Mannitol
Xylitol
Lacitol
Isomalt
Hydrogenated glucose syrup
What is the WHO guidance on sugar intake for adults and children?
- Reduce intake of free sugars throughout life course
- Reduce intake of free sugars to <10% total energy intake
- (CONDITIONAL) Suggested further reduction of free sugar intake to <5% total energy intake
Which population group has the highest percentage intake of free sugars?
Children (14.7% in 4-10yo, 15.4% in 11-18yo)
What is a big culprit of free sugar consumption in children and teens?
Sugar-sweetened drinks
What does 5% of energy intake being sugar look like?
4-6yo = 19g or 5 cubes of sugar
7-11yo = 24g or 6 cubes of sugar
12+ = 30g or 7 cubes of sugar
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on fruit and veg?
Eat at least 5 portions of a variety of whole fruit and veg everyday
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on smoothies and fruit juice?
Limit to 150ml/day
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on starchy carbs?
Base meals on potatoes, bread, rice, pasta or other starchy carbs
Choose whole grain where possible
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on dairy?
Have some dairy or dairy alternatives (eg soya) each day
Choose lower fat and lower sugar options
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on protein?
Eat some beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other protein
Aim for at least 2 portions of fish per week with 1 being an oily fish (eg salmon, mackerel)
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on oils?
Choose unsaturated oils and spreads and eat in small amounts
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on foods high in fat/sugar/salt?
Eat foods high in fat/salt/sugar less often and in small amounts
What is the Healthy Eating Advice on fluids?
Drink plenty of fluids ~6-8 cups per day
What is considered high in sugar (red) on nutrition labels?
≥22.5g sugar/100g
What is considered low in sugar (green) on nutrition labels?
≤5g sugar/100g
Why are dried fruits not as good as they seem?
High in sugar
Stick to teeth => cariogenic
When may you advise diet counselling/analysis?
High risk caries patients
Patients with unusual caries patterns
Patients with erosive tooth loss
Patients with sensitivity
What are the two methods used in diet analysis?
24 hour recall method
Diet sheel/diary
Describe a diet sheet/diary.
Record of everything the patient eats and drinks (including medicine) over a minimum of three days
Two weekdays and one weekend day
Records time and number of intakes
What advice about sugar should we give?
Restrict consumption of sugary foods/drinks to meal times
Try to limit sugar to <5% of total energy intake
Read food labels
What needs to be considered when giving dietary advice?
Should be motivational and brief, no lecturing!
Make sure it’s realistic for lifestyle and budget
Explore alternatives
Patient-centred change so support them
What action can we take to improve the diet of whole population groups?
Clear general messages
Build skills in thinking of healthy alternatives
What action can we take to improve diet on an individual level?
Build skills in thinking of healthy alternatives
Get patients to identify small goals with you
Show them that behaviour change is a process and support them
What conditions is sugar a common risk factor for?
Diabetes
Obesity
Cardiovascular disease
Cancers
Caries
Give some public health strategies for decreasing sugar consumption.
Public policy:
- taxation
- mandatory food labelling
- sugar-free medicine
Supportive environments:
- advertising
- product placement
Personal skills:
- cookery
- behavioural change support
Industry:
- non-cariogenic confectionary
- sugar-free gum
Community action
- training
- campaigns
What is the COM-B model?
Capability (physical and psychological skills)
Opportunity (physical and social environment)
Motivation (conscious and automatic processes)
=> Behaviour change
