CAR M1 - The historical process

Question 1

Migration

Answer 1

This is generally the movement of a group of people or animals from one area to another. Specifically, human migration is the movement of people from one place in the world to another for the purpose of taking up permanent or semipermanent residence, usually across a political boundary. People can either choose to move (voluntary migration) or be compelled to move (forced or involuntary migration).

Question 2

Eurasia

Answer 2

The combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia; more directly located in the area now know Siberia.

Question 3

The renaissance

Answer 3

Aka ‘The Rebirth of Knowledge’, a period in the 15th-century Europe when citizens developed a renewed interest in scientific knowledge and the arts. This was largely brought on as a result of the invention of the printing press.

Question 4

The Treaty Tordesillas

Answer 4

This is an agreement between Spain and Portugal in 1494 dividing the known and as yet unknown territories outside Europe between them by an arbitrary line through the Atlantic, with Spain receiving territory to the west of it. As the line dissected Brazil, this went to Portugal, with the rest of the Americas being apportioned to Spain.

Question 5

Hegemony

Answer 5

The political, economic or military predominance or control of one state over the others.

Question 6

Indentured servant

Answer 6

A laborer who paid for their passage to the New World by working for an employer for a fixed term of years

Question 7

Syncretic religion

Answer 7

The combination of different forms of belief or practise

Question 8

Genocide

Answer 8

The deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, ethnical, racial or religious group

Question 9

Metropole

Answer 9

The parent state of a colony

Question 10

Mercantile system

Answer 10

An economic system characterized by restrictions placed on trade between colonies and countries outside of the metropole. The British Navigation Acts of 1651 were derivatives of mercantilism that were direct restrictions on the use of foreign trade ships for trade between British West Indian colonies and any other instituted similar laws by 1664.

Question 11

Triangular Trade / Transatlantic Slave Trade

Answer 11

The trade that operated between Europe and Africa, Africa and the Caribbean and from the Caribbean back to Europe. This trade formed the hub for commercial activity in many European port cities.

Question 12

Middle Passage

Answer 12

The leg of the triangular trade route between Africa and the Caribbean

Question 13

Plantocracy

Answer 13

a term used to describe the ruling class of plantation society that owed the main means of production (land and labour)

Question 14

Mulatto

Answer 14

People of mixed race, usually the result of sexual relations between planters and female African slaves, though the term has been used more generally to denote any person of mixed.

Question 15

Untouchables

Answer 15

The name given to any member of the lowest cast in Hindu society. The caste system of India was a rigid social structure based on the Hindu religion.

Question 16

Diaspora

Answer 16

The Caribbean diaspora refers to societies and living spaces outside of the region, where West Indian people converge and form communities reminiscent of their homeland territories.

Question 17

System of production

Answer 17

This refers to the ways in which an economy is organized to produce commodities to sustain society.

Question 18

Slash and burn

Answer 18

The cleaning of agricultural plots by burning trees and other types of vegetation

Question 19

Encomienda system as a system of production

Answer 19

Indigenous Amerindians were expected to pay tribute to the Europeans (in gold, silver, crops, foodstuff or other goods) and to labour in the fields and mines in exchange for “protection” and instruction in Christianity

Question 20

Chattel Slavery

Answer 20

Also called traditional slavery, is so named because people are legally treated as the ‘chattel’ (personal property) of the owner and can be bought, sold, traded and inherited as any other ‘goods’. It is the least prevalent form of slavery in the world today.

Question 21

Abolitionist

Answer 21

An adherent of abolitionism, which was the movement to end the slave trade and set all slaves free.

Question 22

Apprenticeship system

Answer 22

A four year transition period after emancipation during which the working hours of slaves and the wages they received for additional work were legally enforced.

Question 23

Peasant groups

Answer 23

Bands of ex-slaves who cooperated in various ways to achieve independence from the plantations by creating small farms outside the plantations to raise animals and grow crops for subsistence and small-scale commerce.

Question 24

Local assembly

Answer 24

In British Caribbean colonies this was the legislative branch of what was originally intended to be ‘representative government’ (the other two branches were the Governor, representing the Crown and the council). After emancipation, this became a misnomer because the majority of citizens - ex slaves, along with many mulattos and white servants - were excluded by the required property qualifications from both membership and voting.

Question 25

Old representative system

Answer 25

the form of government originally established in British colonies, of which the local assemblies were part, along with a governor and council

Question 26

Political enfranchisement

Answer 26

Freedom from political subjugation; the ability of a nation to determine its own affairs

Question 27

Franchise

Answer 27

In political terms, this is the right to vote in public elections

Question 28

Universal adult suffrage

Answer 28

The system whereby voting rights are granted to adults (at first over 21 but now over 18) irrespective of their race, sex or social class. Prior to this, the right to vote in the Caribbean was determined by the amount of wealth or property a man held, and women were not allowed to vote at all

Question 29

Political party

Answer 29

An organized group of people with roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to get its candidates elected to public office

Question 30

Internal self governance

Answer 30

The situation where the chief minister (or Premier / First Minister) and the Cabinet of a colony are in control of all the domestic matters, except defense and foreign affairs

Question 31

Colonial disengagement

Answer 31

The process by which a colonial power gradually divests itself of direct responsibility for its former colonies. With respect to the mid 20th century Caribbean, this occurred within a context of general recognition of the right to national self determination and of a global anti-colonial movement that saw independence being achieved elsewhere, including large former British colonies such as India.

Question 32

National self determination

Answer 32

The process by which a group of people, usually possessing a certain degree of national consciousness, form their own state and choose their own government.

Question 33

Economic enfranchisement

Answer 33

The situation when a group of people or a country achieves the ability to determine how it develops its systems of production