Capvt I Flashcards
5 characteristics of Latin verbs
Person- (1st: I/we, 2nd: you, 3rd: he/she/it/they)
number- how many subjects, singular or plural
tense-time of the action: present, future, imperfect, perfect, future perfect, pluperfect
mood- the action or state of being of the verb (indicative, imperative, subjunctive)
voice- indication of whether subject performs action (active voice) or receives it (passive voice)
Personal Verb Endings (active voice)
-ō or -m (I)
-s (you)
-t (he/she/it)
-mus (we)
-tis (you)
-not (they)
Present Active Infinitive
“To” form of verb, ex: to forgive.
-āre : 1st conjugation ex: laudāre/to praise
-ēre : 2nd conjugation ex: monēre to advise
Present stem
Drop the -re from active verbs for present stem, ā ending for 1st conjugation verbs, ē for second. Ex: laudā- and monē
Present Indicative Active of laudō (with endings)
Laudō
Laudās
Laudatory
Laudāmus
Laudātus
Laudant
Present indicative active of moneō (with verb endings)
Advise
Moneō
Monēs
Monet
Monēmus
Monētis
Monent
Macrons
Long vowel markings ex: ā, ē, ō, etc.
Present active imperative (with laudā- and monē- example)
Used for giving commands, plural imperative formed by adding -te to stem
Ex:
Laudā / praise! / 2nd person singular
Laudāte / praise! / 2nd person plural
Monē / advise / 2nd person singular
Monēte / advise / 2nd person plural
Adverbs
Modifies verb and is positioned before that word.
Ex:
Saepe / often
Nōn valet / she/he is not well
Mē saepe laudant / they often praise me
Mē nōn saepe monēs / you do not often advise me
Mē
Me, myself
Quid
What
Níhil
Nothing
Nōn
Not
Saépe
Often
Sī
If
To love
Ámo
Amāre
Amāvi
Amātum
To think/ponder/consider/plan
Cōgito
Cōgitare
Cōgitavī
Cōgitātum
To owe/ought/must/should
Dēbeō
Dēbēre
Dēbuī
Dēbitum
To give/offer
Dō
Dáre
Dédi
Dátum
To wander/err/go astray/make a mistake/be mistaken
Érro
Errāre
Errāvi
Errātum
To praise
Laudō
Laudāre
Laudāvī
Laudātum
To remind/advise/warn
Móneō
Monēre
Mónuī
Monitum
To be well/be in good health
Salveō
Salvēre
Hello/greetings!
Salvē
Salvēte
