Capturing Solar Energy Pigments

Question 1

How is ATP formed?

Answer 1

photosynthesis - series of metabolic pathways (ATP doesn’t form spontaneously)

Question 2

2 sets of reactions involved in photosynthesis?

Answer 2

1. Light-dependent - energy trapped and used to make ATP and NADPH
2. Light-independent (dark) - ATP and NADPH used to make high energy organic molecule (converted to glucose)

Question 3

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 3

plants convert radiant energy (from sun) into chemical energy (from glucose)

Question 4

Equation of photosynthesis

Answer 4

6H20 + 6 CO2 + radiant energy –> C6H1206 + 602

Question 5

3 types of photosynthetic organisms

Answer 5

1. plants
2. protists
3. cyanobacteria

Question 6

How much radiant energy that reaches earth from sun transforms into chemical energy?

Answer 6

1-2%

Question 7

What is glucose produced converted into?

Answer 7

cellulose (make plant walls) and other sugars

Question 8

Difference of photosynthesis and cell respiration

Answer 8

use different mechanisms (enzymes)

Question 9

Similarity of photosynthesis and cell respiration

Answer 9

• Use ATP synthase
• Use similar energy carriers (NADH vs NADPH)
• Use cytochrome complexes to generate a proton gradient in a double membraned organelle

Question 10

Where do photosynthetic reactions occur?

Answer 10

chloroplasts (Eukaryotic)
cytoplasm and foldings of cell membrane (Prokaryotic)

Question 11

What diffuse into the cells and reach chloroplasts (photosyntesis)

Answer 11

H2O and CO2

Question 12

Inside chloroplast, interconnected membrane system forms __________. Surrounding grana is the _________.

Answer 12

thylakoid disks that stack to form grana. Stroma, which contains catalytic enzymes.

Question 13

Why are dark and light reactions named this?

Answer 13

both occur during day but ‘dark’ don’t require light and ‘light’ do.

Question 14

Full range of wavelengths of light emitted from the sun is known as?

Answer 14

electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light is between 400-700nm

Question 15

How does light travel?

Answer 15

electromagnetic wave of energy

Question 16

How are wavelengths of visible light (colour) related to photons?

Answer 16

view light as traveling in bundles of energy called photons (chlorophyll absorbs photons of wavelengths)

Question 17

Chlorophyll is?

Answer 17

A pigment, electrons enter excited state when absorbing certain wavelengths

Question 18

Why are leaves green?

Answer 18

chlorophyll reflects green/yellow wavelengths and absorb other (red and blue)

Question 19

Most common pigment in plants?

Answer 19

Chlorophyll a and b

Question 20

Other pigments?

Answer 20

1. Carotenoids - reflect/appear yellow, orange, red light
2. Phycobilins
3. Xanthophyll

Question 21

Wavelengths?

Answer 21

Shorter wavelengths = more energy

Question 22

Pigments?

Answer 22

absorb light

Question 23

Carotenoids?

Answer 23

Are hydrocarbons - transfer some energy, but function in photo-protection
- disappear light energy that damage chlorophyll