Captians Oral Training notes Flashcards

1
Q

The Incident Management System is a logical method of:

TN 104.1.1

A
  • Identifying the Incedent commander by fixing the responsibility for command upon a specific indivdual through a standardized system, based on the arrival sequence of companies and Chief Officers.
  • Ensuring that a strong, direct and visible command will be established from the onset of the incident.
  • Providing a system to process information to support the Incident Commander’s Incident Action Plan
  • Developing, coordinating, implementing and maintaining a strategic plan, by defining activities and responsibilities assigned to the Incident Commander and to all other personnel operating within the Incident Management System (IMS)
  • Managing resources and personnel at the emergency scene
  • Providing a system for the orderly transfer of command.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Officer of Note

TN 104.1.1

A

Officer assigned by the IC to collect and ensure the accuracy and completion of all documentation and reports. The first in Captain is the Officer of Note for standard incidents unless otherwise designated by the IC. As well the first in DC may be the Officer of Note for Second Alarms, fatalities or unusual incidents unless otherwise designated by the IC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tactical Level

TN 104.1.2

A

The tactical level involves the deployment of sufficient resources and personnel to meet the objectives identified in the in the IAP. Officers at the tactical level may include Sector Officers and Branch Officers

Main Tactical objectives in order:

  • Rescue and Life Safety
  • Stabalization of the Incident
  • Conservation of the Environment and Property
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defensive Strategy

TN 104.1.2

A
  • > Life Safety
  • > Exposure Protection
  • > Conservation of the Environment and Property
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stabilization of the Incident

TN 104.1.2

A
  • > Controlling/confining the fire
  • > Hazmat: identifying, isolating, controlling and neutralizing foreign substances until cleanup crews arrive
  • > Shoring or tunneling etc. during a structural collapse rescue
  • > First Aitd, Defibrillation or oxygen therapy for patients until Toronto Paramedic Services assumes responsibility for the patient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Offensive Strategy

TN 104.1.2

A
  • > Rescue and Life Safety
  • > Stabilization of the Incident
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is task level?

TN 104.2.1

A

The task level refers to activites normally acomplished by firefighting personnel and the resources they utillize to complete those tasks.

  • May include:
  • Search and rescue
  • Fire attack
  • Ventilation
  • Setting up hose streams (fire attack and backup lines)
  • Ldedering - stablish egress
  • RIT
  • Property Conservation
  • Overhaul
  • First Aid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is and where is staging?

TN 104.1.4

A

Staging refers to the geoographical location at an incedent where personnel and wquipment can be assembled on an immediately availabgle basis

Staging occurs ina assigned location ouside the controoled area where personnel are safe and away from suppression activites.

The establishment of Staging is a the discretion of the IC.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Responsibilities of the Staging Officer

TN 104.1.4

A

Staging

  • Locating a suitable area in a safe environment for staging
  • Notifying Command of the location of staging
  • Should the staging location become unsafe, the Staging Officer will immediately notify Command by radio and relocate as soon as possible
  • Ensuring that all personnell PIT in when entering Staging
  • Ensuring that all personnell PIT out when leaving Staging
  • Maintaining a current log of all resources (personnel and equipment)
  • Ensuring that personnel within staging remain equipped and ready for immediate assignment
  • Accounting for all personnel when a PAR is conducted
  • Contacting Command for new resources as they become depleted
  • Notifying personnel of re-assignment, to whom they should report and on what channel
  • Ensuring that all routine communiations within staging are done face to face
  • Command must request personnel and equipment from Staging
  • The Staging Officer will reconfirm with Command that personnel, identified by their Crew ID, have been deployed from Staging to the new Sector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Base Sector? TN 104.1.5

A

Base is a sector that refers to the geographical location way from the incident where personnel, apparatus and equipment can be assigned on a standby basis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Base Sector Officer Responsibilites

TN 104.1.5

A
  • Moving Base from its assigned location, if necessary, in order to better facilitate the movement of personnel, apaparatus and equipment
  • Ensuring that the location/relocation of Base is transmitted to Tornot fire and indicating access and routing information as needed
  • Activatin the rotating emergency lights on their apparatus to denote the Base Officer location
  • Conducting a PAR as requested by Command
  • Maintaing a current log of availble personnel, equipment and apparatus (on Base Sector Worksheet)
  • Updating Command of Base status
  • Ensuring that all communiations within Base is done face to face whtou the us of a radio
  • Notifying personnel within Base of assignment and to which Sector Officer/radio channel they ar to report
  • Liasing with othe Sector Officers

Upon arrival at Base, Officers shall:

  • Contact Toronto Fire Announcing arrival
  • Report face to face to the Base Officer\ensure that routine comminication within Base are done face to face
  • Ensure that emergency light are turned off if safe to do so
  • Ensure that they and their personnel remain at their respective vehicle until assigned or cleared from the incident
  • Bring Passports forward to the Base Sector Officer
  • When moving forward from Base Sector to the incident, take the Passport to the Command Post/Accountability Officer

Notes:

  • The request for equipment, personnel or apparatus from Base Sector, ant an emergency incident, must come from Command
  • Base Sector Officer will confirm with Command tha personnel, identified by thier Crew ID, have been depoyed from Base.
  • Whenever personnel or apparatus are assigned from Base to the incident, all personnel from that apparatus should go forward.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is Base established?

TN 104.1.5

A

A Base sector shall be implemented at all multiple alarm incidents.

  • >Designating a location for the Base Sector that does not interfere with the Command Post, incident scene or movement of apparatus or other emergency traffic.
  • >Base should be a t a location, close enough to move crews and equipment forward quickly and efficiently when needed
  • >Ifnform Toronto fire of Base Sector location
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who requests equipment and personnel from base?

TN 104.1.5

A

the request for equipment, personnel or apparatus from Base Sector, at an emergency incident, must come from Command

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Transfer of Command shall only take place after what information has been communicated to the new IC:

TN 104.1.6

A
  • > general situation status
  • > incident conditions
  • > operational strategy
  • > update on tactical objectives
  • > safety considerations
  • > Deployment status (assignment of personnel already on scene and additional resource requirements)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Sectoring?

TN 104.1.7

A

`Sectoring is a tool within the Incident Management System (IMS) that allows the \incident Commander to group personnel and other resources int manageable units at an emergency incident. Sectors are based on either a geographical or functional basis to achieve tactical level tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sector Officer Responsibilities

TN 104.1.7

A

Sector Officer

  • If avialable have vest and be in conspicous location
  • Advise Command of thier location, when they are in place and ready to perform their assigned duties
  • Ensure accountability
  • Designate a staging area in their Sector
  • Designate a controlled area and assign an Entry Control person
  • Notify Command when they require additional resources or personnel
  • Set up air supply for their sector
  • Ensure adequate resources are maintained in the Sector
  • Coordinate personnel re-assignment through Command
  • Ensure that personnel are operating in a safe and effective manner
  • Control when personnel are assigned to Rehab Sector
  • Conduct ad report PAR status of their Sector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Work Cycle Rotation Challenges

TN 104.1.7

A
  • >Getting adequate personnel in place to support the work cycle
  • > Setting up Air Supply
  • >Accountability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Work Cycle Rotation advantages

TN 104.1.7

A
  • >Having personnel ready for immediate deployment to replace crews
  • > Having personnel provide immediate resources for a MAYDAY or RIT
  • > Reduces time traveling fro Sector to sector (air/light, rehab)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are some of the factors to consider when managing the rotaion of personnel in the sector?

TN 104.1.7

A
  • Functiuon being performed
  • Controlled area entry and exit time consideration
  • Activity level (light, moderate, heavy)
  • On-air and air use timelines (airmangaement)
  • Equipment being operated/utilized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the logistics of a work cycle rotation in a sector?

TN 104.1.7

A
  • Three crews should be assigned per taks:
  1. First Crew deployed
  2. Second crew “On Deck”
  3. Third crew is avaliable at Sector Rehab
  • Teams will rotate through these three psotions within their sector, until two cylinders are depleted. Teams will then be assigned to the Incident Rehab Sector.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is a Incident Rehabilitation Sector Established?

TN 104.1.8

A
  • Second alarms that are expected to last 2 hours or more
  • Third Alarm or greater respnse
  • Incidents that continue longer than 30 minutes and the ambient temperature exceeds 26 dgrees Celsius or is below -5 degrees Celsius
  • The IC determines that a Rehabilitation Sector must be established because of environmental or physical conditions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What considerations must be given to where Rehab will be set up?

TN 104.1.8

A
  • size of incedent
  • Incident duration
  • Time of year
  • Time of day
  • Uphill, upwind and outside of the controlled area
  • Large enough for the number of personnel expected
  • Away from vehicle exhausts and noise
  • Protection from invironmental extremes
  • Ground conditions
  • Access to and from the Staging area
  • Access for Box 12 and Support 7
  • Access fro Toronto Paramedics Services
  • Restroom facilities (TFS rehab unit)
  • For Hazardous Material Incidents requiring Decontamination before Rehab
  • Rehab location in a high-rise fire shall be the floor below staging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rehab Secor Officer Responsiblilities and Duties

TN 101.1.8

A

Rehab Sector Officer:

  • Selecting a site for the rehabilitation of fireghighting personnel
  • Obtaining the personnel and resources necessary to establish and manage a rehabilitation area (make sure you are wearing vest and have the worksheets and circular slide rule)
  • Ensure firefighters PIT in and PIT out
  • Ensuring firefighters have performed sufficient Decontamination procedures before entry in Rehab Sector
  • Informing Command and Toronto Fire of Rehab Sector location
  • Coordinating operations with Toronto Paramedic Sevices and canteen vehicle(s)
  • Maintaining a Rehab Status Sheet
  • Maintainging communications and update the IC regarding the availablility of personnel who have completed rehabilitation
  • Infroming personnel who have been reassigned where and whom to report to
  • Providing PAR information
  • Referring to Toronto Paramedic Services any personnell who are symptomatic of any illness or injury
  • Establishing time the fire fighters must remain in Rehab, according to the Circular Slide Rule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Equipment that can be utilized in Rehab.

TN 104.1.8

A
  • Cooling chairs
  • Misting equipment
  • Scene marking tape and Pylon cones
  • Water jugs and drinking cups
  • Anit-Bacterial, waterless hand wash
  • Rehab Kit from Command vehicle that includes:
    • Vest
    • Rehab Status Sheets
    • Pens and Pencils
    • Log Sheet with instruction on Rehabilitation
    • Circular slide rule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Section Officer

TN 104.1.10

A

A strategic level position assigned at very large or complex emergency incident. The four main setions or functions that hae to be considered at very large/complex incident are: Operations Planning Logistics Administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is Command Post Officer (CPO)?

TN 104.1.10

A

The Command Post Officer is respnsigble for implementing the Incident Action Plan as determined by the IC. They will be located at the Command Post, and may use the radio identifier”Command Post Officer” or as the IC deems prudent, they mnay also utilize the radio identifier “Command”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Branch Officer

TN 104.1.10

A

tactical level - manage and direct the activities of Sector officers or administrative functions and report to the IC.

When Command implements Branch Officers, the relevant Sector Officers should immediately be notified by Command oif their new supervisor. This information should include:

  • To what Granch the Sector is now assignedk
  • The radio chynnel both Branch and Sector Officers are now operating on.

Radio Comminications should be directed from the Sector Officer to the Branch Officer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Incident Commanders rules of engagement

TN 104.1.11

A
    • Rapidly conduct, or obtain, a 360 degree Size-Up of incident
    • determine the Occupant Survival Profile
    • Conduct an Initial Risk assessment and Implement a SAFE ACTION PLAN - If you do not have the resources to safely support and protect firefighters > seriously consider a defensive strategy
    • DO NOT risk firefighter lives fro lives or property that can not be saved > seriously consider a defensive strategy
    • Extend limited risk to protect and rescue SAVABLE property
    • Extend measured risk to protect and rescue SAVABLE lives
    • Act upon reported unsafe practices and conditions that can harm firefighters > Stop, Evaluate and Decide
    • Maintain Frequent two-way communications and keep interior crews informed of changing conditions
    • Obtain frequent progress reports and revise the action plan
    • Ensure accurate accountability of all firefighters location and status
    • If, after completing the primary search, little or no progress towards fire control has been achieved > Seriously consider a defensive strategy
    • Always have a RIT team in place at all working fires
    • Always have firefighter rehab services in place at all working fires
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rule of Eight

TN 104.1.12

A
    1. Size-up
  • 2.Rescue
    1. Exposures
    1. Confinement
    1. Extinguishment
    1. Overhaul

——————————- Ventilation Salvage V & S shall be inserted into the list of priorities anywhere appropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Incident Commanders Responsibilites

TN 104.2.1

A

Incident Commanders Responsibilities

The Incident Commander will:

  • Upon arrial announce via radio, the estalishment of Command as per TN 104.3.7
  • Operate at the strategic level to ensure overall command of the incident (except fast attack mode)
  • Develop an Incident Action Plan (IAP) that anticipates needs and forecasts outcome based on scene condition evaluations
  • Determine the strategy to be employed at the incident (Offensive, Defensive) Identify and depoloy personnel to meet the three primary tactical objectives in order of priority:
    • Rescue and life safety
    • Stabilization of the emergency incident
    • Conservation of property and the environment
  • Transfer command or expand the IMS when necessary to improve the quality of Command
  • be aware of RIT, Mayday and emergency evacuation prodedures

IC Strategic Functions:

  • Ensure that a rapid size-up of the incident is conducted
  • Idenify the overall strategy, develop and implement an IAP and assign personnel as needed to meet the tactical objectives
  • Establish an effective command structure
  • Initiae, maintain and control the communications process, relative to the complexity of th incident

Further IC responsibilities

  • Ensure that measures for firefighter safety are implemented (Enty Control, RIT, Relief and Rhab, Accountability, Safety Officer, etc)
  • Implement strategies that are designed to meet the tactical objectives
  • Review, re-evaluaate and modify strategy or tactical objectives as the incident dictates
  • Request and maintain adequate resources for incident needs
  • Assign Officers to the role of Sector, Branch, Section, etc.
  • Provide direction, guidance and resources to Secto Officers, Command P|ost Staff and outside agencies
  • Review, re-evaluate and revise the IAP as the incident dictates
  • Ensure implementation of radio procedures as per TN 104.3.1
  • When Branch Officers are assigned, ensure that Sector Officers are notified of their new wupervisor and which radio channel to use for communications
  • Assign personnel to monitor Branch Officer radio channels if the Branch Officers are operating outside of the Command Post
  • Ensure that a running log of all Coimmand decisions is maintained
  • Clear unrequired apparatus
  • Ensure that all written records and documentation are collected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the ICs primary tactical objective in order of priority?

TN 104.2.1

A
  • >Rescue and life safety
  • > Stabilization of the emergency incident
  • > Conservation of property and the environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Fit Duties and Responsibilities

TN 104.2.2

A

Factors to consider when locating the vehicle:

  • Ability to direct operations
  • Sight line to at least two sides of a structure
  • Not blocking the access/egress of emergency vehicles

When to DC has assumed Command of the incident it is the responsibility of the FIT to:

  • Tuirn off the flashing/revolving red lights on the DC’s vehicle
  • Announce via radio the location of the Command Post
  • Activate the flashing/revolving green light on the Command Post

During the initial stages of and incident, the FIT will be responsible for setting up the Command Post. This may include:

  • Activating the DVRS
  • Setting up the tactical desk
  • Accessing operational sheets
  • Maintaining the running log
  • Beginning a schematic of the incident
  • Reference are maps to determine the best access for incoming apparatus and possible Base location
  • S\Assist Initial Accountability Officer
  • Sector Officer’s Aide
  • Scribe (worksheets/tactical board)
  • Radio Monitoring
  • Communication (radio/telephone/fax)
  • Other duties as assigned by the IC or designate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Roles and Responsiblities of the Command Post Officer:

TN 104.2.4

A

The functio of the Command Post Officer (CPO) is to ensure that the Command Post is set up properly and adequately staffed to operate.

Command Post Officer

  • Requet FITs attend the Command Post for assignment
  • Request a second Command Post
  • Ensure only essential personnel are present in the Command Post to ensure it functions efficiently
  • CPO will announce when and where Command is located an who the IC is if a change occurs
  • CPO will announce when the Command Post is no longer in operation
  • Appoint A FIT as a Scribe to the IC
  • At the end of the incident, collect paperwork in the Command Vehicle, ioncluding scribe notes, business cards and site drawing. Forward to appropriate Commander’s Office
  • Assist the IC with administrative functions
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the relationship between the ISO and IC?

TN 104.2.5

A

The IC is the person in charge of the strategic decision making at an emergency incident. The ISO provides advice to the IC regarding safety related issues involved in the IC’s Incident Action Plan and other activities that occur at the incident.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What authority does the Incident Safety Officer have?

TN 104.2.5

A
  • >Alter, suspend, or terminate unsafe activities involving an imminent hazard at an emergency scene
  • > Eliminate or control hazards through the IC at an emergency scene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What authority does the Incident Safety Officer have and who are thier goals?

TN 104.2.5

A

ISO has authority to:

  • Alter, suspend or terminate unsafe activities involving an immenent hazard at an emergency scene
  • Eliminate or control hazards through the IC at an emergency scene

Goals of the ISO:

  • Minimze injuries to fire fighters by making and emerfency scene safer
  • Recongnize and understand the types of hazards present on the emergency scene
  • Recommend proactive and corrective measures to minimize the liekelihood of accidents occurring.

To accomplish these goals the ISO should have specific knowledge of:

  • managing incident scene safety
  • building construction
  • reading smoke conditions
  • the Toronto Fire Services Incident Management and Accountability Systems
  • the Incident Commander’s Rules of Engagement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Resposiblilites of the ISO

TN 104.2.5

A

Incident Safety Officer

  • Adhere to the principles and pratices of the TFS IMS and Accountablility system
  • Report to the IC
  • Maintain communications wht the IC
  • Be readily identifiable - safety officer vest
  • Utilize correct levels of person protective equipment
  • Operate in teams within the controlled area
  • Conduct a 360 size-up of the incident where possible
  • RIT is in place an utilized
  • Determine whether adequate resources (time/personnel/equipment) are available
  • Determine types of construction and how fire/damage may affect the structural integrity of the building
  • Analyze fire and smoke conditions to predict the possibility of a hostile fire event (flashover, backdraft)
  • Continually conduct a risk assessment
  • Report conditions and concerns to the IC on an ongoing basis
  • Ensure personnnel are performing safely
  • Ensure Rehab sector is establishe
  • Ensure Accountability is established
  • Ensure Post Incident Decontamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Air Supply Sector

TN 104.2.6

A

Air Supply Sector

  • Organizing the rotation of both empty and full air cylinders
  • Ensuring full air cyliders are transproted from the Air/Light vehicle to sectors
  • Monitoring the number of cylinders available for use and requesting that other Air/Light vehicles respond to the incident, if needed.

An Air Supply Staging Area shall be considered if crews are travelling an extended distance in a IDLH atmoshere. This will allow firefighting crews to exchange their SCBA cylider without exiting the sturcture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Water Supply Sector Responsibilities

TN 104.2.7

A

Water Supply

  • A scene survey to ensure that all water supply needs are being met
  • Arranging a relay pumping operration if distance beween apparatus is too great
  • Requesting additional supplies, apparatus or personnel
  • Overseeing all pump operations
  • Ensuring proper operating pressures and flow rates are being achieved
  • Utilizing resources to bring more water to the scene (catchng hydrants on different water mains or pressure districts)
  • Communicating with the Liason Officer or directly with th Works Department to direct water main flows and pressures
  • Update the IC on pertinent information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When will a RIT apparatus be added and designated to a dispatch?

TN 104.2.8

A
  • > A reported working fire
  • > Requested by an IC
  • > A structural collapse
  • > Deemed necessary by Toronto Fire Communications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When shall RIT be deployed?

TN 104.2.8

A
  • >When contacted by Toronto Fire upon activation of an emergency button and Toronto Fire are unable to establish radio contact with the crew(s)
  • > Upon receiving a MAYDAY
  • > As the result of a PAR identifying that a fire fighter or crew is trapped, missing or has sustained a life threatening injury.
  • > At any time there is doubt as to the safety of personnel in the controlled area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When is RIT deployed?

TN 104.2.8

A
  • When contacted by Toronto Fire upon activation of an emergency button and Toronto Fire are unable to establish radio contact with the crew(s)
  • Upon receiving a “MAYDAY”
  • As the result of a PAR identifying that a fire fighter or crew is trapped, missing or has sustained a life threatening injury
  • At any time there is doubt as to the safety of personnel in the controlled area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

RIT Responsibilities

TN 104.2.8

A

A RIT when deployed shall:

  • Utilize an entry control board (including search line tag)
  • Develop and Comminicate a Search/Rescue Plan considering:
    • The point of entry for the fire fighter(s) in trouble
    • The last known location of fire fighter(s) in trouble
    • assignment of tasks to RIT entry team (RIT KIT,searchers 1 and 2)
  • Provide timely reports to Command or TITSO
  • Locate, Identify and Assess the firefighter involved with the MAYDAY
  • Provide rscue air or any other medical aidskl, if needed and incedent conditions allows
  • Utilizxe a search line and attach to the exterior of the IDLH in an obvious location.
  • Attach the search lin in close vicinity to the downed firfighter or last location reached, so other crews may locate the firefighter.
  • Remove the firefighter invoved with the MAYDAY
  • Announce benchmarks as they are achieved
  • Call for assistence if needed

Prior to deployment RIT shall:

  • Bring forward and set up all necessary equipment in the assigned area on the RIT tarp
  • Be briefed by IRIT and the ISO
  • Monitor all incident communications and changing incident conditions
  • Familiarize themselfves with the structure/incident and conduct a 360, if possigle
  • Ensure a hose line is charged and ready to deploy from a separate water source
  • Ensure access and egress to the structure/incident is available (eg. Ladder upper floors, remove bars and locks)
  • Ensure one crew member stays in assigned RIT staging area at all times.

RIT may be assigned alternate tasks by the IC if they have been set up for less than oine hour or environmental stress is not a factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Where should RIT be located at a high-rise incident?

TN 104.2.8

A

At a high-rise incident the RIT should be located one floor below the fire floor or just outside the controlled area with easy access to a stairwell for rapid deployment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

RIT Sector Officer Responsibilities

TN 104.2.8

A

RITSO

  • Ensure the RIT is fully equipped
  • Thoroughly brief the team prior to entry
  • Be the primary radio contact for the RIT
  • Request additional personnel and or resources as required
  • Prvoide updates to the IC, RIT and Toronto Fire Communications
  • Ensure RIT carries out their responsibilities prior to and during deployment

Upon deployment of the RIT, the RITSO’s rsponsibilities will expand:

  • Announcing all RIT bechmarks ass they are achieved
  • (Deployed, Fire Fighter Located, Fire Fighter Outside)
  • Providing updates to the RIT Officer/personnel
  • Ensuring that a new RIT is established
  • Ensuring additional RIT search lines are used (one RIT search line per downed firefighter)
  • Ensure all RITs properly PIT onto the correct search line
  • Monitoring the Rehab needs of RIT personnel
  • Ensuring TEMS have medical personnel available at he appropriate exit point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Post Inident Decon Officer

TN 104.2.9

A

Decon Officer

  • Ensure before eah apparatus clear the incident, they confer with the Company Officer on the proper post incident decontamination necessary
  • To reques a Decontamination Apparatus if one is not available on scen already
  • Ensure proper post fire decontamination procedure is performed
  • To Record the level of decontamination performed on each apparatus
  • Ensure a Decontamination crew is assigned the responsibilities for gross decontamination (if required, and resources are available)
  • Decontamination records are forwarded to the \incident Commander upon completion of the incident
  • Ensure decontamination crews have sufficient supplies to complete their assigned tasks
  • To determine the decontamination area (within the close vicinity of the Decontamination Apparatus)
  • Ensure that all equipment is bagged and stored securely for transport
  • To give final approval for clearing of an apparatus to return to station to ensure that they have performed the required post incident decontamination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The main reasons for utilizing the protable radio identifiers.

TN 104.3.1

A
  • >Emergency Call Button - when activated this feature will only display the portable radio identifier on the communications centre console.
  • >Familiarity - personnel automatically tune their individual listening skills to identify the radio transmission pertinent to their assigned portable/vehicle/station call signs

The passports of each vehicle are labelled with radio identifiers. Firefighters will match their mag tags with their radio identifiers on the passport for ease of identification at an incident.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Initiating a Mayday

TN 104.3.2

A

All TFS personnel involved with an incident can initiate a MAYDAY, including comminications personnel.

Firefighter with radio:

  • Button
  • Location
  • Identification
  • problem

After intitating a MAYDAY firefighter should try to remain in the same location until found gy the RIT if safe to do so, if not self-rescue should be attempted..

Firefighter shall activate PASS alarm:

  • after making radio contact wioth someone
  • when a second attempt at making radio contact is unsuccessful
  • when their radio is inoperable

Firefighter shall deactivate their PASS alarm:

  • Firefighter(s) are reached by the RIT
  • they need to communicate (reactivate alarm after communication)
  • self-rescue is accomplished
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Command responsibilities for a MAYDAY

TN 104.3.2

A
  • Ensure that all MAYDAY messages are acknowledged
  • Order radio silence
  • Direct Toronto Fire Comminications to announce on all Channels operating at the emergency incident that a MAYDAY has been recieved
  • Ensure that the channel the MAYDAY is recieved on is used for pertinent information of the rescue, another MAYDAY, EVACUATE, or URGENT transmission.
  • Confirm the location, identification and problem of the firefighter(s) transmitting the MAYDAY
  • Ensure crews already tasked continue with their assignments
  • Consider utilizing crews in the vicinity to assist the MAYDAY
  • Brief and deploy the RIT
  • Conduct a partial or full Personnnel; Accountability Report (PAR), starting with personnel in the immediate area of the problem
  • Establish a backup RIT immediately.
  • Assign a RIT Sector Officer
  • Update Toronto Paramedic Services and have them possition their personnel at the Entry Control point closest to the downed firefighter
  • Announce benchmark ….”RIT has been deployed”
  • Announce benchmark…..”Firefighter located” (
    use FF name)
  • Announce benchmark….”Firefighter outside” (use FF name)
  • Notify Toronto Fire communications to announce the condlusion of the MAYDAY event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

MAYDAY Communications responsibilities

TNH 104.3.2

A
  • Ensure Incident Command (IC) is aware of the MAYDAY
  • Upon direction of the IC, transmit over all Channels at the incident, with alert tones, that a MAYDAY has been received and RADIO SILENCE is required
  • If Channel 16 is available, upon direction ot the IC, direct all crews with the exception of interior crews and those involved with the MAYDAY to switch to Channel 16
  • if Channel 16 is NOT available Command will be notified and radio silence will be maintained.
  • Immediately dispatch the closest RIT apparatus and an additional alarm level to the Base location on a Strategic Channel. This ensures necessary crews and RIT teams are on hand for further rescue or suppression needs.
  • Dedicate a Dispatcher to monitor the Channel of the MAYDAY event.
  • Dedicate another Dispatcher to handle the emergency event.
  • Dedicate a Captain to monitor both the MAYDAY and the emergency event.
  • Monitor all radio Channels and immediately inform the IC if a Firefighter declares a MAYDAY on a Channel other than the incident Channel.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Initiating an Urgent

TN 104.3.3

A

All TFS personnel involved wiht an incident can initiate an URGENT. Examples:

  • Potential loss of water supply
  • Change of interior conditions
  • Concern for a potential collapse

Command responsibilities:

  • Ensure that all URGENT messages are acknowledged
  • Ensure that the apporpriate actions are acrried out without delasy
  • Conduct a PAR or partial PAR, if required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Initiating an EVACUATE

104.3.4

A

Initiating and transmitting an EVACUATE order should be done by the IC, however all TFS personnel involved with an incident can intiate an EVACUATE, including communications personnel.

The initial trasmnission for an EVACUATE order shall be repeated three times followed by information for the firefighting crews and Incident Command. The transmission shall be followed by an Air Horn Evacuation Signal. The signal is three distinct blasts of the air horn followed by a five second pause. This will be repeated two mor times in succession, for a total of three.

Crew Responsibilities:

  • Cease operations immediately
  • Evacuate to a safe area
  • Withdraww or exit via the entry point and/or sector officer
  • Answer a Par or partial Par

Command Responsibilities:

  • Ensure that all EVACUATE messages are acknowqledtged
  • Ensure that the apporpriate actions are carried out withou delay
  • Conduct a PAR or partial PAR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

CAN

TN 104.3.5

A

Conditions Actions Needs

54
Q

What is the Elapsed Time Notification?

TN 104.3.5

A

An Elpased Time Notification (ETN) gives the IC a time-based measuring standard to judge the effect that the Incident Action Plan is having on thye fire.

Communications shall notify the incident commander at every 10-minute increment with the time that resources have been on scene until the incident is under control

55
Q

Initial Establishment of Command initial report and follow up report

TN 104.3.7

A

The first Officer arriving on the scene will initiate the Incident Management System and will conduct an initial size up and assume Command

Initial Radio Report

  • >Identify the incident location by using the correct street address and/or a common descriptive name
  • > Provide a brief description of the incident structure
  • > Provide a brief description of what signs are visible upon arrival
  • > Briefly describe the action to be taken
  • > Confirm the assumption and designation of Command
  • > End radio report by stating your PAR status

Follow-UP Report

  • > Result of a 360
  • > Any changes to the initial IAP
  • > Assignments for incoming apparatus
  • > Any immediate safety concerns
56
Q

What are Mobile and Static command and Fast attack?

TN 104.3.7

A

Mobile command is when the initial arriving Compay Officer is immediately required to either investigate the situation or be involved in a task level activity. Mobile command one of two distinct modes:

  • Investigative Mode - applies when the situation requires investigation by the initial arriving Compay Officer.
  • Fast Attack Mode - may be utilized in situations requiring immediate action towards stabilizing the incident and there is the requirement of the Compay Officer’s assistance at the task level. Examples
    • Rescue
    • Fire attack
    • Critical life safety situation

Static Command requires the immediate establishment of a Command Post, the announcement of its location and a name to identify Command. The Company Officer will initially assume a safe and effective Command position. Static Command shall be maintained and transferred to a Chief Officer on their arrival

57
Q

When the chief officer arrives at the same time as the first arriving officer, the chief officer will automatically assume command of the incident. TN 104.3.7

A

True “If a chief Officer arrives at the same time as the first suppression apparatus, the Chief Officer will assume command after conducting an initial size up”

58
Q

GRAB LIVES during MAYDAY and daily use.

TN 104.3.8

A

During MAYDAY

    • Gauge
    • Radio
    • Active Pass alarm
    • Breathing control
    • Stay Low
    • Illuminate - turn on light
    • Volume - make noise
    • Exit - identify nearest exit
    • Shield Airway

Daily Use

  • Guage, check availabile air in cylinder
  • Radio, check battery and frequency
  • Activation of PASS, all modes are working
  • Illuminate, flashlight battery charged
  • Shield airway, hood and gloves are inspected
59
Q

Benchmarks - RIT Stood Down

TN 104.3.9

A

Indicates that the RIT is no longer needed at the incident

60
Q

Benchmarks - Loss Stopped

TN 104.3.9

A

When any further damages to the building or its contents has ended.

61
Q

Benchmarks - 360 complete.

TN 104.3.9

A

360 has been completed and is followed with any relevant information for responding crews.

62
Q

Benchmarks - Application of Agent or Decision to Defer

TN 104.3.9

A

The time at which extinguishing agent is initially applied to a fire OR the decision to defer application is made.

63
Q

Benchmarks - Fire Under Control

TN 104.3.9

A

Informs all personnel and Toronto Fire that the fire can be controlled with the equipment and resources that are on the scene.

64
Q

Benchmarks - Fire Knocked Down

TN 104.3.9

A

The main body of the fire has been extinguished.

65
Q

Benchmarks - RIT Deployed

TN 104.3.9

A

This informs all personnel and Toronto Fire that the Rapid Intervention Team has deployed

66
Q

Benchmarks - Arrived ath the Patient Location

TN 104.3.9

A

Indicates the time crews have reached the patient after the arrival on scene at a medical emergency.

67
Q

Benchmarks - EVAC Announcements have been made.

TN 104.3.9

A

Voice communication systems have been utilized to communicate essential information to ccupants.

68
Q

Benchmarks - Secondary Search Completed, “ALL CLEAR”

TN 104.3.9

A

Secondary search has been completed and no person have been located.

69
Q

Benchmarks - Primary Search Completed, “ALL CLEAR”

TN 104.3.9

A

Primary search has been completed and no persons have been located.

70
Q

Benchmarks - Firefighter Located

TN 104.3.9

A

Indicates that the lost, trapped, or injured firefighter(s) has been found. RIT

71
Q

Benchmarks - A2

TN 104.3.9

A

indicates the true response time for events by calculating the time that passes between a responding emergency vehicle announcing their arrival At scene and the time that the crew has reached the actual location of the incident. This includes Vertical Time for responses in high rises as well as similar events where arrival at the actual location may be delayed.

72
Q

Benchmarks - Firefighter Outside

TN 104.3.9

A

indicates that the lost, trapped, or injured firefighter(s) have been removed from the sturcture. RIT

73
Q

When Running PAR Announced end of communication

TN 104.3.10

A
  • -Initially arriving on scene
    • A change in location
    • A change or completion of task
    • Entering or exiting a controlled area
    • a change in the number of peronnel operating within a team
74
Q

When a par is called

TN 104.3.10

A

When a PAR request is made by Command teams will resp0ond with only the work ‘PAR’ and no nuymber bgecause it is not a ‘running PAR’. Command will know the number of personnel in your tewam because you have alredy estagblished your running PAR

When PAR ordered by Command:

  • All personnel shal maintain radio silence and await orders to provide PAR information
  • EVACUATE / URGENT / MAYDAY radio transmissions and alerts can interrupt the radio silence
  • Entry Control will contact all the opersonnel who have entered the Controlled Area and then report the PAR status for that location gback to Command
  • If prsonnnel cannot be accounted for, the PAR status report must clearly indicate the number of personnel (and names) not accounted for and NOT include the use of the word “PAR”
75
Q

106.1 Incidents Involving Asbestos What does FRIABLE mean ?

A

Any material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos by weight and can be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure.

76
Q

106.1 Incidents involving asbestos What does non - friable mean ?

A

Means any material which contains more than 1 percent asbestos by weight and cannot be pulverized under hand pressure.

Category 1

  • Gaskets,
  • resilient floor covering, and
  • asphalt roofing products.

Category 2

  • Any other non - friable ACM not included in Category 1.
77
Q

Incident Involving Asbestos Decon Contamination is Suspected but not Obvious- PPE Decon ?

TN 106.1

A

After gross Decon on scene PPE can be bagged and sent for 3rd party washing in accordance OF E-PPEM

Hard surfaces such as FF Helmets and boots can be washed off with soap and water at the station but should be bagged and tagged on scene to prevent contamination of the truck cabs. Heavy Haz can provide temporary booties and coveralls

Proper PPE for washing boots and helmets is medical gloves with N95 filter masks.

78
Q

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos Decon Significant Contamination Of Known Asbestos - PPE Decon

A
  • 1) Samples Tested
  • 2) treat water used in Decon as contaminated waste water to be properly disposed of by owner of building.
  • 3) If PPE is dry vacuum with HEPA A filters and then dispose of filters in sealed containers with waste water from Decon. Bag gear in clear bags and clearly tagged as contaminated with asbestos. Have gear cleaned by outside company that is qualified to Decon asbestos. ( this is not our regular cleaning service)
  • If PPE is wet then bag gear in clear bags and clearly tagged as contaminated with asbestos. Have gear cleaned by outside company that is qualified to decon asbestos. (Note - This is not our regual bunker gear cleaning service)
  • 4) Bag and Tag station wear as well
  • 5) Proper PPE for bagging contaminated gear is medical gloves with N95 filter masks.
79
Q

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos Decon What are the proper bagging procedures for PPE?

A
  • 1) all bunker gear that is contaminated must be double bagged First bag - in the yellow Bio- Hazard bag, and then in a clear bag. Paperwork should be between both bags, visible for viewing. Your info must be on the Bunker Suit Repair Order Form.
  • 2) Nor bagged properly will not be accepted and sent back to the hall.
  • 3) Contaminated Crews are to bag their own gear.
80
Q

Where can asbestos be found?

TN 106.1

A
  • >siding
  • >roofing material
  • >pipe insulation
  • >boiler insulation
  • >cieling tiles
  • >spray applied insulation
  • >linoleum
  • >floor tiles
  • >mastic/adhesives
  • >gaskets
  • >plaster
81
Q

Incidents Involving Asbestos What are the TFS guidelines for Entry into Asbestos Contaminated Incident (ACI)

TN 106.1

A
  • 1) Communicate on scene to all personnel that this is an incident containing possible asbestos exposure.
  • 2) Limit the number of personnel exposed.
  • 3) Mandate and enforce crews wearing full structural firefighting PPE and SCBA point of entry control throughout operation (include Overhaul)
  • 4) Areas or spaces suspected or known to contain friable asbestos should be only disturbed as necessary for fire extinguishment.
  • 5) all personnel must be decontaminated upon exit.
  • 6) Exposed personnel should immediately take a shower upon return to their station.
  • 7) NO eating or drinking is to occur until personnel have been decontaminated and showered at their base station. 8) Keep areas suspected to contain friable asbestos wet to minimize fibre disruption.
82
Q

106.1 Incident Involving Asbestos Noteworthy Report ?

A

An exposure of any kind is a noteworthy incident and the following notifications are to be made

  • 1) Platoon Chief
  • 2) Divusion Commander - on call
  • 3) Command Division Commander
  • 4) Exposure Reports should be submitted.
83
Q

Searching above a fire for victims

106 Fireground Operations 106.2

A

Firefighters must go above a fire to search for Unconscious or trapped people as soon as possible during a fire.

84
Q

Operating above a fire during a shaft fire

106 Fireground Operations 106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

A
  • IC must order that the top of the shaft to be vented at the same time a hose line must be placed to extinguish the spread of fire
  • When ordering firefighters to operate above a fire during a shaft fire, the IC must also provide the means of escape, such as an aerial ladder.
85
Q

Search and Rescue Above A Fire When are Operations above a fire justifiable ?

106 Fireground Operations 106.2

A
  • 1) search for trapped occupants of a burning building
  • 2) search for vertical fire spread
  • 3) protect people trapped on a top floor
86
Q

Primary Search above fire.

106 Fireground Operations 106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

A

When conducting a primary Search above a fire in a building other than non- combustible construction a charged hose line should be taken to the search floor.

87
Q

Permission Required to Search Above a Fire Without a Hose Line

06 Fireground Operations 106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

A
  • most ff are trapped on a floor above a fire because they fail to take a hose line with them when conducting the search above a fire.
  • time is critical to save a civilian and a quick search
  • only attempted with permission from The IC and with acknowledged communication from the fire attack team that they are aware a search team will be operating above them without a hose line.
  • IC should be notified so a second line can be deployed as soon as possible.
88
Q

What is the Attack team responsible for when a search without a hose line is being conducted ?

106 Fireground Operations 106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

A

Responsible for the safety of the search team by

  • a) maintaining the fire attack if there is sufficient water flow for extinguishment
  • b) maintaining the search teams means of egress if water flow is marginal or the fire extent is not readily controllable
89
Q

Search above a fire without a hose line Safety Precautions can take to reduce the risks of being trapped/

106 Fireground Operations 106.2 Search and Rescue Above A Fire

A
  1. Force open a door to an apartment that’s not directly over the fire. If conditions suddenly get worse in the hallway, the open apartment not over the fire may be your area of refuge.
  2. If you enter a smoke and heat filled room, hallway, or apartment above a fire and flashover conditions develop, locate a second exit such as a window Leading to a fire escape or portable ladder and immediately exit the building
  3. When you climb or descend a stairway between the fire floor and floor above stay close to face the wall. heat, smoke and flame flowing up a stairway will be rising vertically near the stairwell or around the banister.
  4. All ff assigned to search above a fire should understand firefighting priorities. The only justification for being above a fire without a hoseline is when there is a real chance to save another person’s life. Once you determine no one is ther immediately exit the building.
90
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines Placement OF The First Attack Hoseline

A

First attack hoseline is stretched through a front , rear or side doorway.

  • hose stream nozzle is positioned and used to drive heat, flame and smoke from inside to outside through a vented window or other door or through an opening created by “outside vent ff”
  • advantage of advancing the first attack line through a door rather than through a window is that unconscious trapped victims are often found inside the door or in the hallway leading from the door to the fire
  • the next location victims are discovered is in the hallways or corridors leading to an exit.
91
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines The advantages of having a backup, second hoseline, stretched into the burning building right behind the first line are :

A
  • 1) protect ff operating the first attack line in case of explosion, flashover, or collapse
  • 2) if the first hose suffers a burst length or broken nozzle, the second hose team can move into position and attack the blaze.
  • 3) If there is too much fire, two hoselines working side by side may be successful
  • 4) If theree is no need for the second hoseline, and the first hose attack team can handle the room and content fire, it is important to get the second line up to the floor above, the attic or an adjoining room to cut off spreading fire.
  • 5) The first hoseline goes to the seat of the fire and attacks the fire from a door and pushes the fire outward and protects the interior stairs.
  • 6) The second hoseline should back up the first hoseline and if necessary advance to the floor above
  • 7) A hoseline should not pass fire
  • 8) When forcing open a door , it is important to control the door and not let it swing open into the flaming apartment.
92
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines Size- Up The Hose Stretch

A

After one, two or three hose lines have been stretched into a burning building and ff are advancing them toward the fire, sometimes there is no obvious need for another hoseline. This is the time the IC should have ff stretch a hoseline to the front of the building and “stand fast” until there is another call for a line. This is being proactive with your hoseline placement. If there is a sudden need for a hoseline to cut off spreading fire in a building, the ff standing fast with the line nearby can quickly take it inside the building.

The advantage of stretching a hose to the front of the building and standing by is that the most time - consuming part of the hose stretch is completed.

93
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines Hose stretching to supply a standpipe and sprinkler

A

IC must Size Up a burning building to determine if it has a sprinkler / standpipe system Siamese. If it does the system MUST be supplied with water.

  • sprinkler system can extinguish a fire quicker and more effectively than ff.
  • sprinkler head is already in position directly over the fire
  • water is not impeded or slowed by lock doors, blinding smoke, or failure to locate the fire. If a building has both systems sprinkler and standpipe :
  • first supply line to the Siamese should go to the standpipe system ( this is to protect ff)
  • second line connect to sprinkler system.
94
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.3 Guidlines for Placement of Hoselines Placement of the second attack hoseline

A
  • If there is an exposure problem, such as flame spreading to a nearby structure, the second line goes there.
    • the exposure problem is most often an inside exposure.
95
Q

When connecting to a building with standpipe and sprinkler system, which get connected first?

TN 106.3 Placement of Hose

A

First line to Siamese should go to standpipe system, left first, right, second. This is to protect firefighters, the next goes to left sprinkler, then right sprinkler

96
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Define Fire

A

A rapid oxidation process,which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.

97
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Heat Energy

A

Is a form of energy characterized by vibration of molecules and capable of initiating and supporting chemical changes and changes of state

98
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Temperature

A

Is a measure of the degree of molecular activity of a material compared to a reference point. temp is measured in degrees Fahrenheit or Degrees Celsius.

99
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Heat release rate ( hrr)

A

Is the rate at which fire releases energy- also known as power Measured in Watts (W)equal to 1 joule per second Depending on the size hrr is also measured in Kilowatts ( equal to 1,000 Watts) or Megawatts ;( equal to 1,000,000 Watts)

100
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

How does heat always transfer ?

A

Heat always transfers from the hotter object to the cooler object. - energy transferred increases the objects temp and heat energy transferred from an object decreases the objects temp.

101
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def conduction

A

Heat transfer within solids or between contacting solids

102
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def convection

A

Heat transfer of gases or liquids, through natural movement from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas.

103
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def radiation

A

Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves

104
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Temp as it relates to normal ff

A

37 C - 98.6 F. Normal human oral / body temperature

105
Q

106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Traditional Fire Deveopment

A

Time history of a fuel - limited fire Fire growth is not , limited by a lack of oxygen As more fuel becomes involved in the fire, the energy level continues to increase until all of the fuel available is burning ( fully developed ) As fuel is burned away the energy level begins to decay. The key is oxygen is available to mix with the heated gases (fuel) to enable the completion of the fire triangle ant the generation of energy.

106
Q

106 Fire Ground Operations 106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Flameove (Rollover)

A

Is a condition in which unburned fuel from the originating fire has accumulated in the ceiling layer to a sufficient concentration that it ignites and burns. Can occur without ignition of or prior to the ignition of other fuels separate from the origin.

107
Q

106 Fire Ground Operations 106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Backdraft

A

Fire takes place in a confined area and burns undetected until most of the oxygen within is consumed. The heat continues to produce flammable gases mostly CO. These gases are heated above their ignition temperature. When a supply of oxygen is introduced, as when normal entry points are opened, the gases could ignite with explosive force.

108
Q

106 Fire Ground Operations 106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

Def Flashover

A

Is in the transition phase in the development of a contained fire in which surfaces exposed to the thermal radiation, from fire gases in excess of 600C, reach ignition temperature more or less simultaneously and fire spreads rapidly through the space. - this is the most dangerous stage of fire

109
Q

106 Fire Ground Operations 106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

What is FlOWPATH ?

A

The understanding of the movement of fire and the byproducts it will produce. As the temp builds the heated gases will pressurize and will move to areas of lower pressure. Ff must be aware of where the fire is and the route it will take. Not to put themselves between the fire and an area of low pressure or vent point.

110
Q

106 Fire Ground Operations 106.4 Flow Path and Door Control

What are the 3 types of FlOWPATH ?

A

Naturally, environmentally, or by human manipulation.

  • Natural FlOWPATH will move from higher pressure to lower pressure areas.
  • Environmental factors that can affect FlOWPATH are wind and extreme temperature variations. Summer Cooling in high rise fires will cause a FlOWPATH to reverse and is called the reverse stack effect.
  • Human Factors mechanical fans, Hydraulic entrainment.
111
Q

Basement Fire Considerations

TN 106.5 Basement Fires

A
  • >continuous incident monitoring and assessment to gauge structural integrity
  • >Interior condition reports must be communicated to command
  • >Limited operational timeframes and the need for well-coordinated tactical deployments
  • >Thermal imaging cameras may be used to help locate a fire burning below or within a flooring system, but recognize that cameras cannot be relied upon to assess the strength or safety of a floor. Also be aware that floor coverings may mask the existence of heat of the fire below.
  • >Sounding or sag are not reliable indicators of potential collapse
  • >establish a station command post ASAP
  • >ensure a proper safety network is in place: RIT, Entry control, safety officer, and accountability
112
Q

Basement Interior Attack

TN 106.5 Basement Fires

A
  1. The incident commander must complete full 360 or assign
  2. Be aware of flow path
  3. Ensure enough personel before commitiing
  • >ensure the size of hose line selected is sufficient to control the fire
  • >sufficient length of hose
  • >once in position an aggressive attack must be made on the fire
  • >placement of a firefighter at the top of the basement stairs and at the bottom to facilitate hose line advancement may be considered
  • >firefighters should maintain contact with the hose line in a basement fire
  • >maintain crew integrity at all times
113
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.5 Basement Fires

A

Size Up - 360 degrees if you are unable to complete one, assign someone else to perform one. Building Construction Floor collapse is one of the leading causes of FF fatalities and injuries in basement fires. IC must determine age, condition, and type ( modern vs legacy construction) of the structure when possible. Construction type may be determined by “hooking” the ceiling inside the front door exposing the construction type.

  • is there an exterior door to the basement, exposed / covered flooring or joists ?
  • are there windows and are they obstructed ?
  • be aware if exposed flooring systems allow fire to spread and failure of these systems is possible early in in the fire. Due to response times and burn rates, all basement fires should be considered for potential collapse hazard. Ventilation And FlOWPATH Paramount concern in basement fires
  • collapse typically occurs above a fire.
  • more ventilation presents the greater the collapse hazard Identifying ventilation points,
  • determine potential hazards in flow path
  • winning position in fire attack opps Door is a critical consideration
  • leaving the door open could invite the FlOWPATH up the stairs. Controlling Vertical Fire Spread
  • Fire spread may become our first priority, to protect on floors above the fire.
  • first attack line should be stretched to the top of the interior staircase to protect our vertical exposure.
  • if a door is available , close it. “Quick Hit “ ( transitional fire attack ) Most effective method of attacking a basement fire.
  • straight stream at the ceiling through an exterior window or door for approx 15 - 20 seconds cools the environment. - Aggresive Attack now that the fire has been cooled “reset” Best commenced through a basement door if available. Alternative, down an interior staircase ensuring attention is paid to door control and controlling flow paths. Interior Fire Attack Quick Hit is not feasible Entry will be made down the interior staircase with a charged hose line while maintaining control of exterior doors in order to prevent the introduction of a flow path.
  • size of the hoseline selected is sufficient to control the fire
  • sufficient length of hose
  • once in position an aggressive attack must be made on the fire
  • Ff at the top and bottom of stairs to help with hose
  • ff maintain contact with the hose line in a basement fire
  • maintain crew integrity at all times Exterior or Remote Fire Attack If Life Safety is not an issue, the IC May commit to an exterior or remote location fire attack. Ventilation Self vented or vent limited the building will be considered to collapse .
  • an aggressive ventilation strategy will only commence when we are “Winning” Additional Considerations TIC cannot be relied upon to assess the strength or safety of the floor
  • floor coverings May mask the existence of heat of the fire below - sounding or sag are not reliable indicators of potential collapse - establish a stationary command post a.s.a.p
  • Ensure proper safety networks are in place : RIT, Entry Control, Safety Officer,and Accountability.
114
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.8 Attic Fires

A

Attic Fires are commonly vent limited fires

    • vent - limited fire is in a state of stability ( Fire is not receiving enough oxygen to free burn )
    • great for life safety allowing crews to perform searches
    • a vent - limited fire can allow you to attack the fire WHEN you want from WHERE you want .
    • hot gases are only burning at the exit point because that is where the proper fuel / air mixture is and inside the attic space is to rich to burn.
    • when it is time to attack the fire , controlled openings below the neatral pressure plane will not cause immediate growth.
    • eave Attack and openings in the ceiling allow access to the sheathing and remain below the neutral pressure plane.
  • IMPORTANT : always have a charged hoseline before opening the roof system .
  • Sheathing Is The Main Fire Spread Mechanism - exposed sheathing of the roof is the main source of off gassing so ff need to apply water to the sheathing as soon as possible to gain the upper hand.
    • wetting the sheathing eliminatesthe major flame spread mechanism - this can be done as an offensive or defensive attack. - It is important too wet the entire section between structural members ( this means hitting it along the axis of the rafters or trusses ) Modern and Legacy roof structures such as Trusses and Rafters can block your hose stream. - simply cooling the gasses in the attic space does not remove enough fuel to suppress the fire and as a result regrowth will occur. Light Weight Construction vs Legacy - roof systems have to be inspected fron underneath - both systems fail in the operational time Sounding As An Indicator Of Stability - ff are unable to determine the structural stability 5 seconds before collapse. - sheathing had enough resistance even thought the structural member had failed. - this applies to both Legacy and Light weight construction Tactical Considerations Conducting a 360 Size-Up before committing resources is essential Help determine : - victims and tenability - location and extent of the fire - stage in the fire life cycle - vent limited or vented - identifying building construction features - accessibility of roof / soffits - length and placement of initial attack lines - salvage of property Put water in the fire as soon as possible Putting water on the fire improves conditions throughout the structure - this includes the application of water outside the structure - “ Quick Hit” reset the fire reducing the chance of flashover and giving interior crews time to get in place to open up the ceiling and complete suppression or complete searches with a greater margin of safety. 1st Attack line - if the fire started outside , the initial attack should start from outside. - elimitate the source before proceeding to suppress the attic fire - this can also be used on fire showing through a gable window or roof top. Attacking from the Soffits / Eaves - whether vent limited or vented the most efficient method of accomplishing this is done by clearing soffits along the eve line on one side of the structure using a pike pole. - solid stream will be directed along th eve line, this utilizes the structural characteristics of the roof and will assist in delivering water over the entire area. ( straight stream, 750 kpa for approx 20 min ) - Knick the fire down using the least amount of water as possible. Attacking with Master Stream Flow up instead of down Aerial stream directed upwards into the eaves when hand lines are not practical will deliver the same result. -master streams into a hole from above cannot hit the sheathing and will unnecessarily damage the structure and its contents. - hand lines and pike poles off an aerial platform may also be considered as a method of attack. Deployment of 2nd Attack line Attacking the Ceiling - Big Hole When eave Attack has been completed from the outside 1x1 meter hole can be opened in the ceiling to complete the suppression of the attic and contents fire. - Hole , center of the structure, effective water distribution over the entire area of the attic. - potential collapse due to water weight from quick hit. Attacking Ceiling - Small Holes Eave Attack is unsuccessful due to plywood or blocked eaves, an interior attack can be started with small holes to allow the nozzle to be pushed into the attic space and cool off the area. - once the attic is cooled a larger hole or holes can be opened and final suppression can begin. - this tactic can be used defensively in uninvolved areas to stop fire spread such as row house with shared attic. Attacking the Ceiling - Trench Cut Another technique when eave Attack is not possible is to trench cut along the ceiling of an outside wall and spray up the sheathing as if you were doing an eave Attack. Ventilation Attic Fires will typically be ventilation limited by the nature of the event, this status should be maintained until the fire load can be cooled and crews have the upper hand on the fire. Ventilation may commence at this juncture as deemed appropriate by the IC - horizontal ventilation with or without PPV or vertical ventilation can be used. - “open from above and attack from below” can create a large amount of property damage and puts both civilians and ff at high risk during the initial stages if not timed properly. - The IC will determine the appropriate method of ventilation. - must consider the potential for collapse - risk greatest over seat of the fire and has been compounded with lightweight building materials. - sounding, heat or visible sagging are not reliable indicators of collapse. Knee walls in Attics Initial cooling will be accomplished with an exterior eave line water application. - this will be followed with an aggressive interior attack where small holes will be made long the knee wall with water being introduced through each hole as the breach is made. - after this operation is complete, larger holes will be made and the procedure repeated. Gable End Attack Ineffective at hitting the underside of the sheathing. - structural members of the roof block the water and don’t allow full wetting of the roof. - gasses are cooled but fire regrowth occurs quickly. Summary Ire’s often present themselves as ventilation limited and fire officers must ensure that they have a complete fire profile prior to selecting a strategy and implementing tactics. - Quick Hit or cooling the fire through an eave line attack strategy and dealing with any exterior seat or source of the fire is imperative prior to initializing further interior attack operations. - interior attack crews must be mindful of the potential for collapse due to increased water weight in the attic.
115
Q

What vehicles carry entry control kits?

TN 104.4.2

A

All vehicles, except for Squads and High Rises, shall be equipped with an Entry Control Kit

116
Q

Responsibilities of Entry Control Officer

TN 104.4.2

A
  • > Inform the IC or Sector Officer of their location
  • > Obtain the Entry Control Board
  • > Don an Entry Control vest
  • > Collect the PIT of every person who passes tthrough their entry point
  • > Attach the PITs to the board, or their own split ring
  • > Conduct a visual;l safety check of PPE
  • > Conduct a visual check of the air gauges on SCBA
  • > Confirm portable radio channel of each person
  • > Record the time that each person enters and leaves the controlled area
  • > Record the task assignment and location of personnel > Record and monitor time on SCBA
  • > Move the PIT tag from the IN to OUT side of the Entry Control Board as personnel rotate in the work cycles within sector
  • > Notify the appropriate Entry Control person, if personnel are exiting via a different Entry control point
  • > Report to the IC or Sector Officer, as ordered
  • > Ensure that authorized non-firefighters PIT IN when entering a controlled area. Ensure they are accompanied with a team of firefighters
117
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

In Ontario Fire Service, the Section 21 Committee recommends that fire depts :

A
    • develop SOPs/SOGs with respect to abandoned buildings :
    • that they identify and document the location of known abandoned buildings in their response area and make the info available to fire crews.
118
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings Fire Depts should ensure that inspections of vacant / abandoned buildings and pre fire planning is conducted to identify :

A
    • hazards
    • structural integrity
    • building age, construction techniques and building materials used
    • renovations/ demolition
119
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Hazards associated with abandoned buildings include :

A
    • open shafts
    • PITs and holes - with possible accumulation of water
    • maze like configurations
    • limited / obstructed entry and egress
    • blocked, damaged or missing stairs
    • structural degradation
    • combustible contents : fire load
    • delay in discovery of fire
    • multiple fire locations
    • biological hazards
    • hazardous chemicals
120
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

What are the Classification Of abandoned buildings by degree of hazard ?

A
  • Normal - no notable hazards , no special precautions required
  • Caution - interior hazards exist, use extreme caution.
  • Hazardous - serious hazards exist to warrant exterior defensive actions.
121
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Initial IC must complete a 360 degree size up before committing to a ff Strategy. Areas of particular concern are :

A
    • is there a placard on the building
    • what are the smoke and fire conditions
    • where is the fire located ?
    • what are the structural conditions
    • are there signs of recent entry ?
122
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

Should there be reports of someone inside an abandoned building on fire, the IC must carefully asses the conditions present which include the following :

A
    • 360 degree size up
    • smoke and fire conditions present
    • use of thermal imaging camera
    • occupant survival profile
    • initial risk assessment and implement safe action plan
123
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

To improve chances of survival for occupants and ff entering the building for a rescue the following should be done :

A
    • Identify location of fire
    • Establish ventilation - based on stage of fire, smoke conditions and point of entry.
    • consider exterior use of a straight stream hose stream into the room with fire to reduce the temperature of compartment, improving chances of survival for the victim and improving operating conditions for ffs.
    • remove boarding at entry points and other windows / doors to allow entry team other means of emergency egress.
    • enter building at closest point to occupant, if known to reduce chances of ff injuries due to known hazards of these structures.
    • Ensure RIT is established a briefed. -
  • if RIT is not on scene, then IRIT must be established and aware of the rescue attempt.
    • a District Chief must be assigned as the Safety Officer
    • Entry realm must use a hose Lin and a backup crew must be ready with a hose line. -
124
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

What should The IC use to try to determine the location of fire and possible location of person inside ?

A

Thermal Imaging Camera

125
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

If Occupant Survival Profile Indicates there is a possibility of survival what should the IC do ?

A

The IC should determine the safest point if entry to use based on identified location of the fire, ventilation should be completed from an aerial ladder / tower / platform to avoid ffs falling through.

126
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

What was the abandoned building program and SOG developed ?

A

To reduce the chances of ffs deaths due to the hazards presented by abandoned / vacant buildings.

127
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

What must The IC use as a decision tree to determine a GO or No Go situation ?

A

Rules of Engagement

128
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings

The fire and smoke conditions must be assessed to determine an ?

A

Occupant survivability profile.

129
Q

106 Fireground Operations 106.10 Fires in Abandoned Buildings Important thing to remember :

A

Do not risk ff lives for lives or property that cannot be saved.

130
Q

Responsibilities of the first arriving aerial/platform/quint(if first 2 apparatus are operating as pump class apparatus)

TN 106.25

A
  • a) Placement of apparatus to access building for:
    • i. Rescue
    • ii. Master Stream
  • b) Provide 2nd means of firefighter egress by aerial device or laddering building
  • c) Perform primary search
  • d) Ventilation
131
Q

Responsibilities of First Arriving pump class apparatus

TN 106.25

A
  • a. Ensure command is established - communicate by radio your Incident Action Plan
  • b. Position apparatus just slightly past the address of the call
  • c. Guarantee you won water supply –This can be accomplished by taking a hydrant or mutually pre arranged (if running from the same station) with 2nd responding pump class apparatus. The 2nd in arriving pump class must communicate by radio if it is delayed for any reason
  • d. Lay lies for fire control and/or rescue
  • e. If another aerial class vehicle is not responding on the first alarm assignment request one be dispatched
132
Q

Responsibilities of the 2nd arriving pump class apparatus

TN 106.25

A
  • a. Ensure command is established
  • b. Park apparatus leaving room for an aerial device in front should it be required for rescue, master stream operations, etc.
  • c. May be required to take hydrant for 1st in apparatus
  • d. Lay a back up line to 1st pumper crew to :
    • ii. protect 2nd means of egress if necessary
    • iii. back up or protect 1st fire attack crew
    • iv. assist with rescue as necessary
  • e. 2nd arriving driver assists 1st driver