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Medical Terminology > Capter 1- Basic Word Structure > Flashcards

Capter 1- Basic Word Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hepatitis

A 
Hepat= liver
Itis= inflammation

Meaning
Inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

Adenoma

A

Aden/oma
Aden= gland
Oma= tumor

Meaning
Tumor of a gland

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3
Q

Adenitis

A

Aden/itis
Aden= Gland
Itis= Inflammation

Meaning
Inflammation of a gland

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4
Q

Arthritis

A

Arthr/itis

Arthr= Joint
Itis= Inflammation

Meaning
Inflammation of joint

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5
Q

Biology

A

Bi/o/logy

Bi= Life
Logy= Study

Meaning
Study of life

The suffix-logy is composed of the root (study) and the final suffix-y (process or condition)

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6
Q

Ilium

A

Part of the hip bone

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7
Q

Ileum

A

Part of the small intestine

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8
Q

Carcinoma

A

Carcin/oma

Carcin= Cancerous, Cancer
Oma= Tumor

Meaning
Cancerous Tumor

A carcinoma is a cancerous tumor. Carcinomas grow from epithelial (surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body.

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9
Q

Biopsy

A

Bi/opsy

Bi=
Opsy= Process of viewing

Meaning

Removal of living tissue and examination under a microscope.

Living tissue is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope

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10
Q

Cardiology

A

Cardi/o/logy

Cardi= heart
Logy= Study

Meaning
Study of the heart

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11
Q

How do you analyze words?

A

By diving them into component parts.

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12
Q

Cephalic

A

Pertaining to the head.

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13
Q

Cerebral

A

Pertaining to the brain.

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14
Q

Incision

A

Process of cutting into. Scissors cut.

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15
Q

Excision

A

Process of cutting out.

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16
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

Glands that secrete hormones within the body.

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17
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Process of visual examination of the urinary bladder.

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18
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells.

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19
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin.

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20
Q

Hypodermic

A

Pertaining to under the skin.

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21
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record of the electricity in the heart.

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22
Q

electroencephalogram

A

Record of the electricity of the brain.

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23
Q

enteritis

A

Inflammation of the intestines.

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24
Q

erythrocyte

A

A red blood cell.

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25
Q

gastrectomy

A

Removal of the stomach.

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26
Q

gastrotomy

A

Incision of the stomach.

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27
Q

diagnosis

A

State of complete knowledge; information gathered about a patient’s illness
(dia- = complete; gnos/o = knowledge; -sis = state of).

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28
Q

prognosis

A

State of before knowledge; prediction about the outcome of an illness.
An agnostic is a person who professes no (a-) knowledge of God.

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29
Q

hyperglycemia

A

Condition of increased blood sugar.

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30
Q

gynecology

A

Study of females and female diseases.

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31
Q

hematology

A

Study of blood.

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32
Q

hematoma

A

Collection (mass) of blood.

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33
Q

hemoglobin

A

Blood protein found in red blood cells. Hemoglobin carries oxygen to the cells
from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from cells to the lungs.

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34
Q

hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver.

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35
Q

iatrogenic

A

Pertaining to being produced by treatment. A rash occurring after
treatment with a drug, such as penicillin, is an iatrogenic condition.
A related term, nosocomial, refers to any infection acquired in a hospital
(nos/o means disease and -comial comes from the Greek “I take care of”).

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36
Q

leukocyte

A

White blood cell.

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37
Q

dermatology

A

Study of skin.

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38
Q

nephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney.

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39
Q

nephrology

A

Study of the kidney.

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40
Q

neurology

A

Study of nerves.

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41
Q

oncology

A

Study of tumors.

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42
Q

oncologist

A

Specialist in the study of tumors.

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43
Q

ophthalmoscope

A

Instrument for visual examination of the eye. Proper pronunciation helps
in the spelling of this term. The initial syllable is pronounced “off” and is
spelled “oph”.

44
Q

osteitis

A

Inflammation of bone.

45
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Inflammation of bone and joints (actually degeneration of joint tissue).

46
Q

pathology

A

Study of disease.

47
Q

pathologist

A

One who studies diseases, performs autopsies, and examines biopsy samples.

48
Q

pediatric

A

Pertaining to treatment of children.

49
Q

psychology

A

Study of the mind.

50
Q

psychiatrist

A

Specialist in the treatment of the mind.

51
Q

radiology

A

Study of x-rays.

52
Q

renal

A

Pertaining to the kidney. Ren/o (Latin) is used with -al (Latin), and nephr/o
(Greek) is used with -ic (Greek).

53
Q

rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nose.

54
Q

sarcoma

A

Tumor of flesh tissue (cancerous tumor of connective tissues, such as bone,
muscle, cartilage, fat). Sarcasm is an utterance intended to “cut into the flesh”
and a sarcophagus is a box or container (Egyptian coffin) intended to “swallow
flesh.” Phag/o means to eat or swallow.

55
Q

resection

A

Process of cutting out; removal.

56
Q

thrombocyte

A

A clotting cell.

57
Q

urology

A

Study of the urinary tract.

58
Q

cardiac

A

Pertaining to the heart.

59
Q

neural

A

Pertaining to nerves.

60
Q

arthralgia

A

Pain of a joint.

61
Q

neuralgia

A

Nerve pain.

62
Q

erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell.

63
Q

nephrectomy

A

Removal (resection) of a kidney.

64
Q

leukemia

A

Blood condition of white cells; malignant (cancerous) condition.

65
Q

carcinogenic

A

Pertaining to producing cancer. From the Greek gennao meaning “I produce.”
Other words to help remember -genic are gene and genesis.

66
Q

pathogenic

A

Pertaining to producing disease.

67
Q

iatrogenic

A

Pertaining to produced by treatment (physician).

68
Q

hemoglobin

A

Literally, blood (hem/o) protein (-globin). Hemoglobin is a protein found in red
blood cells. It helps erythrocytes carry oxygen.

69
Q

electroencephalogram

A

Record of the electricity in the brain.

70
Q

electroencephalogram

A

Record of the electricity in the brain.

71
Q

gastric

A

Pertaining to the stomach.

72
Q

neurologic

A

Pertaining to the study of nerves.

73
Q

excision

A

Process of cutting out; removal.

74
Q

ophthalmologist

A

Specialist in the study of diagnosing and treating disorders of the eye.

75
Q

cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

76
Q

endocrinology

A

Study of the endocrine glands.

77
Q

hepatoma

A

Tumor (malignant) of the liver.

78
Q

biopsy

A

Process of viewing life; removal of living tissue for microscopic examination.

79
Q

nephrosis

A

Abnormal condition of the kidney.

80
Q

leukocytosis

A

Abnormal condition (slight increase) of normal white blood cells.

81
Q

enteropathy

A

Disease of the intestines.

82
Q

adenopathy

A

Disease of glands.

83
Q

endoscope

A

Instrument to visually examine within (the body).

84
Q

endoscopy

A

Process of visually examining within (the body).

85
Q

prognosis

A

State of before knowledge; prediction about the outcome of treatment.

86
Q

osteotomy

A

Incision of a bone.

87
Q

gastroenterology

A

Process of study of the stomach and intestines.

88
Q

anemia

A

A decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

89
Q

autopsy

A

“Self-view”—examination of a dead body, understand its function.

90
Q

diagnosis

A

State of complete knowledge; information gathered about a patient’s illness.

91
Q

endoscopy

A

Process of visually examining within (the body).

92
Q

endocrinologist

A

One who specializes in endocrine glands.

93
Q

epigastric

A

Pertaining to above the stomach.

94
Q

epidermis

A

Outer layer of skin; above the dermis layer.

95
Q

excision

A

Process of cutting out; to resection.

96
Q

exocrine glands

A

Glands that secrete chemicals to the outside of the body.

97
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

Condition of too much secretion of hormone (thyroxine) from the thyroid gland.

98
Q

hypogastric

A

Pertaining to below the stomach.

99
Q

hypoglycemia

A

Condition of low blood sugar.

100
Q

incision

A

Process of cutting into; to section.

101
Q

pericardium

A

Structure (membrane) surrounding the heart.

102
Q

prostate gland

A

Exocrine gland in front of (before) the urinary bladder in males.

103
Q

resection

A

Removal; excision. From the Latin “resecare” meaning “to cut back, trim or
curtail.” Thus a resection is an operation wherein an organ is “cut back”
or removed.

104
Q

retrocardiac

A

Pertaining to behind the heart.

105
Q

subhepatic

A

Pertaining to below the liver.

106
Q

transhepatic

A

Pertaining to across or through the liver.

Medical Terminology (3 decks)

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