Capsule cardio Flashcards
What are 2 signs of mitral stenosis on ECG
Bifid P waves and no p waves
Why would there be increased oxygen saturation between RA and RV
Abnormal connection between the RA and RV via ventricular septal defect which is confirmed by raised ventricular pressure
ECG findings of pericarditis
Saddle shaped ST elevation. Treat with regular nsaids but can lead to cardiomegaly but no pulmonary vascular congestion suggestive of pericardial effusion
Aortic stenosis
Slow rising pulse, narrow pulse pressure, ejection systolic murmur radiating to neck. Need echo to characterise stenosis and angiogram to identify occlusions
Mitral regurgitation
Pan systolic murmur
LBBB
Prolongation of all QRS com0lexes
Aortic dissection
Sharp pain ripping/ tearing pain in nature. Sudden onset. Can be precipitated by very high blood pressure. Can show widened mediastinum on CXR. NEED ITU care with sodium nitroprusside (anti hypertensive) and beta blocker, O2 and analgesia, anti emetics
Complications of aortic dissection
Acute aortic regurgitation (early diastolic murmur) , pleural effusion and MI
Marfans inheritance pattern
Autosomal dominant and FHX of sudden death (aortic dissection common deadly complication of connective tissue disease. High arched palate, lens dislocation, arachnodactily
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Autosomal dominant, can cause death secondary to arrhythmias. Can sometimes hear systolic murmur and dyspnoea but implantable cardiac defibrillator or surgical treatment may be of value
Treatment of DVT
Apixaban or riveroxiban for 3 months
Warfarin
Reversed by vit K, more effective than aspirin prevention of arterial events in pt with AF