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Microbial Physiology > Capsule and Biosynthesis > Flashcards

Capsule and Biosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Where are Capsules found

A

Outside outer membrane

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2
Q

What does the D-glutamic acid capsule cause?

A

Anthrax disease

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3
Q

What bacteria causes Anthrax disease?

A

Bacillus anthacis

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4
Q

Serotype

A

Distinguishable strain

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5
Q

What does the polysaccharide capsule allow?

A

Adherence to respiratory tissue

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6
Q

2 antigen types on surface of bacteria

A

O and K antigen

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7
Q

O antigen, how many varieties?

A

lipopolysaccharide - 9 varieties

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8
Q

K-antigen, how many serotypes?

A

capsular polysaccharide - 80 serotypes

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9
Q

Hypervirulent

A

Highly harmful

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10
Q

What happens when a cell lacks a capsule?

A

No pneumonia

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11
Q

What is the effect of a laboratory culture?

A

Loss of capsule

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12
Q

What does the virulence factor allow bacteria to achieve?

A
  • Colonization (movement + attachment to host)
  • evade/inhibit immune response
  • enter/exit cell
  • obtain nutrition from host
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13
Q

Advantages of Capsule

A
  • surface attachment
  • avoids immune response/detergents
    -protection in natural environments (dehydration)
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14
Q

Homopolymer

A

Single repeating unit

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15
Q

Heteropolymer

A

More than 1 elementary unit repeated

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16
Q

H antigen

17
Q

Protective mechanism of capsule

A

inability of immune system to recognize via inhibition of complement and alternative pathway

18
Q

6 Steps of Wzx-Wzy pathway

A
  1. making individual sugars
  2. assembled onto lipid anchor on cytoplasmic side inserted to IM
  3. Flip to periplasmic space (Wzx)
  4. Polymerization (Close interaction of Wzx and Wzy)
  5. Translocation through periplasmic space
    a. allow polar carbs to translocate
    b. entry point near IM
  6. Linkage + attachment to phospholipid
19
Q

Polymerase

A

long chain polymerization

20
Q

OPX

A

OM periplasmic export

21
Q

PCP

A

Polysaccharide co-polymerase

22
Q

3 PArts of lipopolysaccharide

A
  1. Lipid A
  2. Core polysaccharide
  3. O antigen
23
Q

Unique features of Lipid A

A
  • 4 fatty acid chains
  • KDO-core oligosaccharide
24
Q

Importance of LPS

A
  • replaces most phospholipids in OM (protection from recognition)
  • stabilizes OM structure
25
Q

LPS protection from:

A
  • host defence
  • bacteria-specific viruses
26
Q

LPS role in disease:

A

Lip.A –> endotoxin
-LArge doses = death

27
Q

LPS assembly steps 1-6

A
  1. Individual sugars
  2. Assembled on undecaprenyl diphosphate
  3. Flip to periplasm (Wzx)
  4. Polymerization (Wzy)
  5. Translocation through periplasm and OM (PCP)
  6. Linkage to Lipid A
28
Q

ABC transporter steps 1-6

A
  1. Cytoplasmic synthesis of activated sugars
  2. Polymerization/assembly
  3. ATP binds + translocates across IM
  4. Export w PCP/OPX proteins
  5. Attachment to phospholipid/LipA

Microbial Physiology (4 decks)

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