Capstone Final

Question 1

How does Tosh characterize the relationship between history and social science?

Answer 1

They have become increasingly interconnected

Question 2

According to Tosh, what is the primary difference between memory and history?

Answer 2

history requires systematic investigation and verification

Question 3

Which approach does Tosh advocate for historians when examining the uses of history in contemporary society?

Answer 3

strict adherence to empirical evidence

Question 4

Which concept does Tosh identify as central to understanding how history shapes national identity?

Answer 4

historical consciousness

Question 5

According to Tosh, what is the primary distinction between social history and cultural history?

Answer 5

Social studies structures and cultural explores meanings and representations

Question 6

According to Tosh, what characterizes the “history from below” approach?

Answer 6

it examines ordinary people’s experiences and perspectives

Question 7

What does Tosh consider to be the most significant development in historical source materials during the 20th century?

Answer 7

oral history recordings

Question 8

According to Tosh, what is the primary challenge historians face when working with documentary evidence?

Answer 8

source bias and interpretation

Question 9

In chapter 5, Tosh discusses the concept of “unwitting testimony.” This refers to:

Answer 9

information revealed unintentionally by sources

Question 10

According to Tosh, what is the primary purpose of source criticism in historical research?

Answer 10

to verify the authenticity of documents

Question 11

According to Tosh, what is the most effective approach to historical interpretation?

Answer 11

balancing evidence with contextual understanding

Question 12

Which element does Tosh emphasize as crucial for effective historical writing?

Answer 12

Engagement with historiographic debates

Question 13

According to Tosh, what is the primary challenge historians face when attempting to reconstruct the past?

Answer 13

the fragmentary nature of historical evidence

Question 14

What does Tosh identify as the most reliable method for validating historical interpretations?

Answer 14

Cross-referencing multiple sources

Question 15

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the role of economic factors in shaping historical developments?

Answer 15

Marxist theory

Question 16

How does Tosh view the relationship between theory and evidence in historical research?

Answer 16

theory and evidence should inform each other dialetically

Question 17

How does Tosh characterize the anthropological influence on cultural history?

Answer 17

as a method for studying symbolic practices and rituals

Question 18

What is the primary argument John Tosh makes about the “cultural turn” in historical studies?

Answer 18

it emphasizes meaning and representation in historical analysis

Question 19

According to Tosh, what was a major breakthrough in gender history during the 1970s and 1980s?

Answer 19

Gender is socially constructed rather than biologically determined

Question 20

Which concept is central to postcolonial historical analysis?

Answer 20

Subaltern perspectives and voices

Question 21

According to Tosh, what is the advantage of oral history over written documentation when studying historical memory?

Answer 21

It captures emotional nuances and personal interpretations

Question 22

Which of the following best describes Tosh’s concept of “social memory”?

Answer 22

The collective understanding of the past shared by a community

Question 23

Which form of public history does Tosh identify has the most significant impact on popular historical consciousness?

Answer 23

museum exhibitions

Question 24

According to Chapter 12, which group has traditionally been most resistant to public history initiatives?

Answer 24

university academics

Question 25

According to Tosh’s conclusion, what is the primary challenge facing historians in the 21st century?

Answer 25

Tension between relativism and objective truth in historical interpretation

Question 26

What does tosh identify as the historian’s primary responsibility in constructing historical knowledge?

Answer 26

balancing evidence with interpretation

Question 27

Which approach is crucial for understanding the relationship between structure and agency in historical analysis?

Answer 27

quantitative analysis

Question 28

What is the primary criticism of the “Great Man” theory of history?

Answer 28

if focuses too heavily on military events

Question 29

Which historian is credited with establishing the empiricist approach?

Answer 29

Leopold von Ranke

Question 30

What is the empiricists’ view on historical subjectivity?

Answer 30

it can be achieved through careful methodology and source criticism

Question 31

Which concept is central to the Marxist historical approach as discussed in Houses of History?

Answer 31

base and superstructure relationship

Question 32

Which methodological approach is most associated with Marxist historical analysis?

Answer 32

historical materialism

Question 33

The “history of childhood” approach developed by Lloyd deMause was primarily based on which theoretical framework?

Answer 33

psychogenetic theory

Question 34

The concept of “collective mentalities” in historical analysis was most influenced by which psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 34

Id, Ego, Superego model

Question 35

Fernand Braudel’s Mediterranean study is notable for its:

Answer 35

multiple time scale

Question 36

The third generation of Annales historians was characterized by:

Answer 36

emphasis on microhistory

Question 37

What was Max Weber’s key contribution to historical sociology?

Answer 37

The Protestant work ethic thesis

Question 38

Which criticism against historical sociology is common?

Answer 38

excessive emphasis on grand narratives

Question 39

The “new economic history” or cliometrics emerged primarily in which decade?

Answer 39

1960s

Question 40

Which concept represents the hypothetical alternative scenario that cliometrics uses to test historical assumptions?

Answer 40

counterfactual hypothesis

Question 41

The concept of “thick description” in historical anthropology was developed by

Answer 41

Clifford Geertz

Question 42

Which of the following best describes the “emic” approach in anthropological research?

Answer 42

understanding cultures from the insider’s perspective

Question 43

Which theorist argued that historical narratives are inherently constructed and share similarities with literary texts?

Answer 43

Hayden White

Question 44

What is the main criticism of traditional narrative history?

Answer 44

it relies too heavily on chronological organization

Question 45

According to the chapter, which historical period marked the emergence of separate spheres ideology?

Answer 45

Victorian era

Question 46

What methodological approach does the chapter suggest is most effective for studying gender in historical contexts?

Answer 46

intersectional analysis

Question 47

Which poststructuralist theorist emphasized the relationship between power and knowledge in historical discourse?

Answer 47

Michel Foucault

Question 48

How do poststructuralists view the role of the historian in creating historical narratives?

Answer 48

as subjective interpreters of evidence

Question 49

The concept of “colonial discourse” in postcolonial theory primarily addresses

Answer 49

the way colonizers represented the colonized

Question 50

The complex cultural identity that emerges in colonized societies, where indigenous and colonial cultures mix?

Answer 50

hybridization

Question 51

What methodological approach do the authors recommend for conducting oral history interviews?

Answer 51

open-ended questions with follow-up prompts

Question 52

According to Green and Troup, what is the primary advantage of oral history over traditional written sources?

Answer 52

Access to perspectives of marginalized groups absent from written records