Capstone Final

Question 1

Who was the first main proponent of quantitative data for psychology? His focus of study was touch, and developed the two-point threshold.

Answer 1

Ernst Heinrich Weber

Question 2

Who was the other original father of psychophysics, who developed different ways to measure sensitivity thresholds for senses (vision, audio, touch)?

Answer 2

Gustav Fechner

Question 3

Helmholtz developed what theory relating to vision?

Answer 3

Trichromatic theory of vision

Question 4

Name the philosophical belief and the originator: An extension of the idea of free will, that states that there are actions which are voluntary and that can be achieved through conscious choices.

Answer 4

Voluntarism, WIlhelm Wundt

Question 5

Wundt proposes two aspects of the mind. Which mechanism is active and which is passive?

Answer 5

Aperception vs. Sensory association

Question 6

What is structuralism?

Answer 6

The approach of Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener. States that we can understand the basics of the mind by analyzing the mind and conscious through inferences. The primary method of structuralism is introspection.

Question 7

Titchener states that primary attention is ______ and secondary attention is ________

Answer 7

Involuntary, voluntary

Question 8

Who was the first woman to earn a PHD in Psychology in the US?

Answer 8

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 9

William James stood on which side of the free-will and determinism debate? What other two philosophies did he subscribe to?

Answer 9

Free will, pluralism, functionalism

Question 10

What is functionalism?

Answer 10

The philosophy that states brain processes can be understood by seeing them as adaptive to the environment. Brain processes can be studied by observing behavior, rather than introspection.

Question 11

What is pluralism?

Answer 11

The idea that objects have a variety of causes and meanings.

Question 12

What does the James-Lange theory of emotion claim?

Answer 12

That physical changes occur before perception of emotion. Emotion manifests physically before mentally.

Question 13

Who was the originator of psychoanalysis?

Answer 13

Granville Stanley Hall

Question 14

Kurt Lewin is a social psychologist influenced by what approach to psychology? He believed that human behavior was a function of both person and environment.

Answer 14

Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis

Question 15

John B. Watson properly coined the approach of ____________, and rejected ___________ because it was not objective science.

Answer 15

Behaviorism, introspection

Question 16

Behaviorists believe that we should only study ________ __________, and that all behavior is _____________.

Answer 16

Observable behavior, reflexive

Question 17

Edward Lee Thorndike was famous for the _______ experiment. He states that learning is ____________, not insightful.

Answer 17

Puzzle box with cat.
Incremental; trial and error

Question 18

Clark hull proposed the idea of “intervening variables” in the behaviorist framework. What does that mean?

Answer 18

Intervening variables account for differences in how quickly one learns or responds to stimuli, such as fatigue, mood, etc.

Question 19

Skinner differed from Tolman and other behaviorists in the fact that he believed there was often no ________________ to reinforce behavior. This was proven from his Skinner box experiment.

Answer 19

Trial and error

Question 20

What is “discrimination” in regards to behaviorism?

Answer 20

subjects may be conditioned to respond to
one stimulus and to ignore or withhold a
response to another stimulus.

Question 21

What is Pavlov’s idea of stimulus generalization?

Answer 21

The phenomena of a subject evoking a conditioned response to similar stimuli, even though it wasnt the original stimuli conditioned to.

Question 22

What are Freud’s “three sources of suffering”

Answer 22

Our own body, the hostile world in which we live, and other people

Question 23

Who was the proponent of purposive behaviorism, the idea that behavior is goal directed?

Answer 23

Edward Tolman

Question 24

What are the three types of anxiety Freud posited?

Answer 24

Neurotic anxiety (unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id’s urges, resulting in punishment for
inappropriate behavior)
reality anxiety
moral anxiety (fear of violating own moral principles)

Question 25

List some examples of ego defense mechanisms

Answer 25

Projection, regression, repression, reaction formation

Question 26

What is John Watson’s goal of psychology?

Answer 26

Prediction and control of behavior, which on a practical level, can guide ethics.

Question 27

Who introduced the concepts of introversion and extraversion?

Answer 27

Carl Jung

Question 28

Carl Rogers believes there’s two versions of “you”, which are:

Answer 28

The self, and the ideal self

Question 29

What is Thorndike’s theory of learning called? What is it?

Answer 29

Connectionism. Learning involves connections between sense impressions and responses.