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capnography > Capnography > Flashcards

Capnography Flashcards

1
Q

the device that measures CO2

A

capnometer

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2
Q

the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases

A

capnometry

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3
Q

the graphic display of CO2 levels as they change during breathing.

A

Capnography

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4
Q

T/F PETCO2 is an accurate measurement of PaCO2!

A

False The most significant error is assuming that the end-expired CO2 levels can substitute for actual PaCO2 measurements

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5
Q

The most common problem is contamination or obstruction of the sampling system or monitor by secretions or condensate. What are good ways to prevent these problems?

A

Proper use of water traps and regular changing of sample tubing or chambers can help prevent this problem.

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6
Q

What is PET CO2

A

The CO2 at the end of an exhaled tidal volume

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7
Q

Exhaled tidal volume can be divided into thirds (which portion) all alveoli, contains the highest concentration of CO2

A

Last Third

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8
Q

Exhaled tidal volume can be divided into thirds from dead space contains only atmospheric CO2, typically 0.3%

A

First third

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9
Q

Exhaled tidal volume can be divided into thirds more CO2, transitional zone from small airways and alveoli

A

Second third

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10
Q

What are 2 pieces Measuring equipment? Which is the most common?

A

Mass spectrometry Infrared capnometer (Most Common)

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11
Q

When looking at a capnograph. What is revealed on the X-axis?

A

x-axis which records time

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12
Q

When looking at a capnograph. What is revealed on the Y-axis?

A

Y. axis records partial pressure of CO2

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13
Q

What are the two types of capnographs?

A

Mainstream Sidestream

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14
Q

Inaccurate readings with high frequencies of breathing is more of a problem for which system?

A

sidestream

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15
Q

What is an advantage of a Mainstream system?

A

Response time

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16
Q

What is an disadvantage of a Mainstream system?

A

weight on ET tube

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17
Q

What is an advantage of a Sidestream System?

A

Light weight on airway

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18
Q

What are disadvantages of a Sidestream System?

A

delay time in sample rate thin tube, blocked with water and mucus

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19
Q

Where is capnography most often used?

A

Anesthesia

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20
Q

Speed of tracing

A

12.5 mm per second

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21
Q

Trend speed

A

25 mm per minute

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22
Q

What does the trend speed provide?

A

Provides peak value & breathing frequency

23
Q

Whats great about speed of tracing !!!

A

Real-time tracing Provides diagnostic shape and best detail

24
Q

Under these conditions the patient cannot change their respiratory rate or tidal volume?

A

Anesthesia Rebreathing circuit based on patients sedated in Operating Room

25
Q

What is A, B, C?

A

A. End Tidal CO2

B. Tidal Volume

C. ERV

26
Q

What conditions represent D,E,F,G?

A

D. V/Q mismatch

E. Normal

F.LHF or COPD

G. Pulmonary Emboli

27
Q

What is H, J, I, K, and L

A

H. Percent CO2

J. Time

I. Normal End of inhalation VT

K. End of exhaltion VT

L. End (maximium exhalation)

28
Q

What can cause high PET CO2?

A

Hypoventilation –Low minute volume

Patient Can not compensate –sedation

An increase in CO2 production

Rapidly rising body temp –malignant hyperthermia

29
Q

If you have low minute ventilation how will the capnograph read?

A

High PETCO2

30
Q

What can cause Low PETCO2

A

Anesthesia induced Hyperventilation

High minute volume

Induction of hypothermia

31
Q

Expiratory Airflow Problem will appear as what?

A

Shark Fin

32
Q

What causes a shark fin?

A

Increased Expiratory Airway Resistance

bronchospasm –Asthma

Kinked ET tube

Herniated ET tube cuff

33
Q

What is this ?

A

Curare Cleft

A whale comming out the ocean to eat a bird.

34
Q

What causes a curare cleft?

A

Seen during reversal of anesthesia, after surgery

Lack of Coordination between Intercostal muscles and diaphragm

Recovery from neuromuscular block

spontaneous breath

fighting the vent

35
Q

Camel capnogram can occur with spontaneous or controlled ventilation?

A

BOTH

During spontaneous or controlled ventilation

36
Q

Where abouts can Camel capnogram occur?

A

Lateral position on the Operating Table

37
Q

What can cause a sudden drop on the capnograh?

A

Problem with CO2 analyzer –

Occluded sample line

  • sidestream
  • kink
  • water
  • mucus
  • disconnect or big leak
38
Q

Causes of Exponential decrease “Wash Out”

A

–1 to two min

sudden decrease in pulmonary circulation

massive Pulmonary Emboli

Circulatory arrest

39
Q

Cause of Gradual Increase

A

Increasing CO2 production (dereased VE)

rapidly rising body temperature

Developing hypoventilation

40
Q

Causes of Sudden Increase

A

Injection of Sodium Bicarbonate

Sudden increase in blood pressure

intravenous adrenaline

Sudden release of tourniquet

41
Q

Cause of Upward shift in baseline

A

Patient Rebreathing CO2

  • Increase in dead space

CO2 absorber

  • switched off
  • saturated

Problem with CO2 analyzer

  • calibration
42
Q

Causes of Gradual Lowering

A

Gradual hyperventilation

Lowering body Temperature

Decreasing perfusion

43
Q

During monitor failure what happens?

A

Plethysmogram- decrease in amplitude

Arterial line Blood pressure, decreasing

44
Q

how is the Capnogram affected with BP?

A

Drops with BP

45
Q

What are the “really bad” causes of monitor failure?

A

Severe blood loss

cardiac malfunction

  • cardiac tamponade
  • dissecting aneurysm

Anaphylactic shock

46
Q

Is capnometery useful as a weaning index? Yes and No

A

Yes if the patient has normal lungs

  • Postoperative

No if pt has parynchmal or airway disease.

47
Q

What is this and the causes?

A

Gradual Lowering

Gradual hyperventilation

Lowering body Temperature

Decreasing perfusion

48
Q

What is this?

A

Expiratory Airflow Problem

49
Q
A
50
Q

What is this?

A

Camel Capnogram

51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A

capnography (1 decks)

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