Capnograph Flashcards
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Bronchospasm or airway obstruction
prolonged phase II, increased a angle, steeper phase III
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Expiratory valve malfunction
elevates the baseline and the angle btw the alveolar plateau and the downstroke of inspiration is increased from 90 degrees
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Inspiratory valve malfunction
rebreathing of expired gases from inspiratory limb during inspiration
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Normal physiologic variant, Pregnant subject
normal phase II but increased slope of phase III
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Curare cleft: Patient is attempting to breathe during partial muscle paralysis. Surgical movements on the chest and abdomen can also result in the curare cleft.
less commonly- one lung intubation or partial circuit disconnection
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Rebreathing CO2
baseline is elevated
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Esophageal intubation resulting in the gastric washout of residual carbon dioxide and subsequent carbon dioxide will be zero
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Spontaneously breathing carbon dioxide waveforms where phase III is not well delineated
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Dual capnogram in one lung transplantation patient. The first peak in phase III is from the transplanted normal lung, whereas the second peak is from the native disease lung. A variation of dual capnogram (steeple sign capnogram – dotted line) is seen if there is a leak around the sidestream sensor port at the monitor. This is because of the dilution of expired PCO2 with atmospheric air.
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Malignant hyperpyrexia where carbon dioxide is raising gradually with zero baseline suggesting increased carbon dioxide production with carbon dioxide absorption by the soda lime.
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
cardiogenic oscillations,
Classic ripple effect during the expiratory pause showing cardiogenic oscillations. These occur as a result of to-and-for movement of expired gases at the sensor due to motion of the heartbeat during expiratory pause when respiratory frequency of mechanical ventila- tion is low. Ripple effect like wave forms also occur when forward flow of fresh gases from a source during expiratory pause intermingles with expiratory gases at the sensor.
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
contamination of the sensor with secretions or water vapor
sudden raise fo baseline and the end tidal PCO2
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Intermittent mechanical ventilation (IMV) breaths in the midst of spontaneously breathing patient. A comparison of the height of spontaneous breaths compared to the mechanical breaths is useful to assess spontaneous ventilation during weaning process.
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: capnogram showing positive waveforms during each compression suggesting effective car- diac compression generating pulmonary blood.
What causes this abnormality on a capnograph?
Capnogram showing rebreathing during inspiration. This is normal in re- breathing circuits such as Mapleson D or Bain circuit.
