Capitalism vs Socialism - Theme Flashcards
What defines capitalism, and how does it shape economic and social dynamics?
Capitalism is an economic system where private individuals or groups own and control production factors. It prioritizes profit, competition, and individual wealth accumulation.
What are the key principles of socialism, and how does it contrast with capitalism?
Socialism advocates for collective ownership of production factors and equal distribution of resources. It prioritizes social welfare, contribution-based rewards, and aims to eliminate poverty.
What is the motto associated with capitalism, and how does it reflect its values?
The motto “Greed is good” encapsulates capitalism’s emphasis on profit maximization and individual gain, often at the expense of others.
What are the primary goals of socialism, and how does it address societal needs?
Socialism aims to improve living standards, ensure equal access to resources, and eliminate exploitation. It emphasizes collective responsibility and social welfare.
How did the political landscape of Britain change between 1912 and 1945, and what role did socialism play in this transformation?
In 1912, the Liberal Party favored laissez-faire economics, while in 1945, the Labour Party, with socialist values, rose to power. This shift reflected societal demands for social reform post-World War II.
How does Priestley use the characters of Mr. Birling and the Inspector to explore the debate between capitalism and socialism?
Through Mr. Birling and the Inspector’s interactions, Priestley symbolizes the clash between capitalism and socialism, offering commentary on their respective ideologies and societal implications.
What role does Mr. Birling play in representing capitalism, and how does Priestley use his character to critique capitalist values?
Mr. Birling embodies the archetype of a capitalist businessman, prioritizing profit, competition, and self-interest. Priestley utilizes Mr. Birling’s character to highlight the negative aspects of capitalism, such as greed, selfishness, and exploitation.
How does Mr. Birling’s dialogue with Gerald exemplify capitalist greed and ambition?
Mr. Birling’s discussion with Gerald reveals his focus on business alliances for profit maximization. He views Sheila’s marriage as a business opportunity and emphasizes the importance of lowering costs and raising prices, demonstrating his single-minded pursuit of profit.
How does Priestley depict Mr. Birling’s arrogance and overconfidence as representative of capitalism’s dominance?
Through Mr. Birling’s repeated self-descriptions as “hard-headed” and “practical,” Priestley showcases the arrogance and self-assurance of capitalists at the time. Mr. Birling’s admiration for the Titanic symbolizes capitalism’s belief in its invincibility, despite fatal flaws.
In what ways does Mr. Birling’s character exemplify the selfish qualities encouraged by capitalism?
Mr. Birling’s refusal to take responsibility for others and his mantra of “a man has to make his own way” reflect capitalism’s emphasis on self-preservation and individualism. Priestley portrays capitalism as fostering narcissism and indifference to the plight of others.
How does Priestley illustrate the destructive nature of capitalist competition through Mr. Birling’s actions?
Mr. Birling’s refusal to raise wages for his workers, driven by the need to maintain competitive prices, highlights capitalism’s focus on profit margins over the well-being of employees. Priestley critiques capitalism for reducing workers to mere statistics and disposable assets.
How does Mr. Birling’s response to the Inspector’s inquiries reveal capitalism’s culture of defensiveness and secrecy?
Mr. Birling’s surprise, defensiveness, and hostility towards the Inspector’s questions reflect capitalism’s resistance to scrutiny and accountability. Priestley suggests that capitalism allows individuals to avoid accountability for their actions and prioritize personal freedom over social responsibility.
How does Priestley use the character of the Inspector to represent socialist ideals and critique capitalism?
The Inspector personifies socialist ideology, acting selflessly for the good of others and holding the Birlings accountable for their actions. Priestley utilizes the Inspector to convey his own ideals to the audience, advocating for socialism as an alternative to capitalism.
What is the main message conveyed by the Inspector regarding societal connection, and how does it challenge the beliefs of the Birlings?
The Inspector emphasizes the interconnectedness of society, contrasting with the Birlings’ individualistic beliefs. He illustrates how actions have consequences that affect the entire community, advocating for a sense of shared responsibility and community solidarity.
How does the Inspector condemn capitalism and the actions of its proponents throughout the play?
The Inspector critiques capitalism’s destructive greed and indifference to human suffering. He confronts the Birlings about their exploitation of others and highlights the consequences of prioritizing profit over people’s well-being.
