Capitalism & Reform Flashcards by Eliza Hall

Vertical Integration

Business strategy in which a company buys other companies in which they don’t have to use other suppliers to create their products.

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Horizontal Integration

Business strategy in which a business buys another business of the same kind to eliminate competition.

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Free Exercise Clause/Establishment Clause

Protects the rights of individuals to practice any religion of their choice, or no religion at all, without government interference

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Sherman Antitrust Act

Law passed to ban businesses from colluding or merging to form a monopoly, or engaging in other practices that restrain trade

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18th Amendment

prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol

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19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage (right to vote)

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Commerce Act

Regulated the railroad industry and prevented unfair practices. Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to oversee the rates and operations of railroads that crossed state lines.

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Andrew Carnegie

Steel industry, from Scotland

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John D. Rockefeller

Oil industry

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Robber Barons

Powerful and wealthy industrialists and financiers of the late 19th century/Gilded Age (Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, etc.)

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“political machines”

Uses corruption, fraud, intimidation, or violence to maintain it’s political party’s control over a certain area, and prevent any opposition or reform from voters.

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One reason for the massive economic expansion in the Gilded Age was _____.

cheap labor

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“Tammany Hall” and “Boss” Tweed were powerful players in ____.

New York City

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In the 19th century, most social services were administered by ______.

private institutions

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Members of which ideology would have believed that it is the duty of the wealthy to help the less-fortunate?

Social Gospel

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Members of which ideology would have believed that some people were simply destined to be poor and controlled by the wealthy?

Social Darwinists

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Which of these is a similarity in these two movements?

They helped explain the wealth gap

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Plessy v. Ferguson case originated to address segregation and discrimination in the railroads of what state?

Louisiana

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The __________ was a factor in the Plessy v. Ferguson case, for it deals with “due process” and “equal protection.”

14th Amendment

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14th Amendment

citizenship for everyone including slaves

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15th Amendment

granted universal suffrage

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13th Amendment

abolished slavery

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What was the impact of the Supreme Court’s decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case?

segregation was legal “separate but equal”

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In 1889, Jane Addams founded the first settlement home in the U.S., known as __________.

Hull House

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The purpose of Hull House was to help __________ acclimate to life in the U.S.

new immigrants

Addams became the first American woman to __________.

win the Nobel Peace Prize

The Progressive Movement sought to cure the political and social abuses that had arisen during __________.

The Gilded Age

Which two U.S. presidents can be considered Progressive?

Theodore Roosevelt & Woodrow Wilson

What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt's program of progressive initiatives and reforms?

Square Deal

Who exposed the plight of the urban poor in 1889's "How the Other Half Lives"?

Jacob Riis

Who wrote "The History of Standard Oil" and exposed the corruption of "big business"?

Ida Tarbell

Which Upton Sinclair muckraking masterpiece is credited with spurring the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act?

The Jungle

The Nineteenth Amendment addressed the issue of __________.

suffrage for women

Women who protested and campaigned for the right to vote were known as ___.

suffragettes

Which president is most closely associated with the Nineteenth Amendment and women's suffrage?

Woodrow Wilson

In 1881, Booker T. Washington was named the first leader of what organization?

Tuskegee Institute

Which of these was NOT one of the skills taught at the Tuskegee Institute? carpentry, farming & agriculture, chemical engineering

chemical engineering

What speech helped Washington achieve national prominence as a leader in the civil rights movement?

"Atlanta Compromise"

The 18th Amendment forbade the manufacture, sale, or ___ of alcohol in the United States.

transportation

The Prohibition Era lasted for _____ years.

___ movements felt that banning alcohol was justified because drinking was immoral.

Temperance

What occupation is MOST associated with the Populist movement?

farmer

True or False: The Populists liked the railroad industry.

False

Which Article of the US Constitution created the Senate?

Article I

Before the Constitution was changed to allow for the “direct election” of US Senators, Senators were chosen by __________.

state legislatures

Which era is credited with getting the 17th Amendment added to the U.S. Constitution?

Progressive

17th Amendment

Allows the people of each state to elect their senators by popular vote, instead of by the state legislatures.

The Election of 1912: Which party was split because of a feud within the party?

Republican

Election of 1912: __________ was almost assassinated while preparing to give a speech in 1912.

Theodore Roosevelt

__________ won the election of 1912?

Woodrow Wilson

Eugene V. Debs: In 1894, Eugene Debs was involved in the historically famous ___ Strike.

Pullman

Eugene V. Debs: In the late 1800s, Debs formed the __________ Party, and eventually ran for President 5 times.

Social Democratic

Eugene V. Debs: In 1918, Debs was sentenced to 10 years in prison for the charge of ___ after making a speech denouncing U.S. involvement in World War I. Ans: libel - make false/harmful statements about someone via writing or publishing, murder, sedition - encouraging rebellion, or slander - make false/harmful statements about someone via speaking or publishing

sedition

The Indian Citizenship Act is also known as the ___ Act.

Snyder

The Indian Citizenship Act allowed Native Americans to be citizens of the United States and of their tribal government, meaning it allowed for ___ citizenship.

dual

The __________ of 1940 further guaranteed that ALL people born in the U.S. – regardless of their date of birth- were automatically considered citizens.

Nationality Act

Pendleton Act: The assassination of President ___ prompted an end to the “spoils system.”

Garfield

For the most part, the passage of the Pendleton Act in 1883 ended the ____________.

spoils system.

The “spoils system” is no longer used in most jobs with the ___ government.

federal

Ida B. Wells was a prominent __________.

black journalist & activist

Ida B. Wells: Lynching’s victims were usually __________.

black men accused of rape

During the 1890s Wells drew attention to lynching through __________.

speeches & widely-read pamphlets

When did the Interstate Commerce Act become law?

1887

The Interstate Commerce Act was created to regulate the ___ industry.

railroad

The Interstate Commerce Act was __ because it __________.

unsuccessful; was too vague

The National Reclamation Act: The major issue in the National Reclamation Act involved ___.

water

The National Reclamation Act: Which state would have been LEAST likely to be affected by the National Reclamation Act?

Oklahoma

The National Reclamation Act: Using your knowledge of U.S. History, answer this question: “The passage of the National Reclamation Act took place closest to which era?”

The Spanish American War