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Cardiovascular Science > Capillaries and veins > Flashcards

Capillaries and veins Flashcards

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1
Q

What does blood flow through between the aorta and vena cava?

A 
Aorta
Large artery
Small artery
Arteriole
Capillaries
Venule
Vein
Vena Cava
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2
Q

Describe the structure and function of a capillary

A

No elastin
No smooth muscle
Brings blood within 30 micrometres of every cell
Velocity 1mm/s
Single endothelial cell wall, 0.5micrometres thick
Diameter of 5-10micreometres

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3
Q

What is the law of diffusion?

A

Rate = permeability coefficient x concentration gradient x area

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4
Q

What drives the diffusion of O2?

A

The concentration gradient

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5
Q

What increases the area of capillaries compared to arteries?

A

Extensive branching

x10,000,000,000

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6
Q

What is a benefit of the low flow rate in capillaries?

A

Increases time for exchange

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7
Q

What factors determine flow in the capillaries?

A

No innervation, cannot constrict or dilate
Only 25% open at any time
Increased tissues VO2 opens more capillaries
Flow determine by arterioles

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8
Q

What is exchanged via vesicular transport?

A

Large charged molecules

e.g. proteins, antibodies

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9
Q

What is exchanged via bulk flow?

A

H20
Electrolytes
Small molecules

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10
Q

What allows for bulk flow?

A

Junctions between endothelial cells

Fenestrations

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11
Q

What is the hydrostatic pressure at the start of the capillary?

A

35mmHg

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12
Q

How do we calculate filtration?

A

Filtration = reabsorption + lymph flow

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13
Q

What is the starling equilibrium?

A

Pressure is higher = filtration

Pressure is lower = reabsorption

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14
Q

What removes excess fluid?

A

The lymphatic system

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the lymphatic system

A

Thin walled vessels (like capillaries)
One way valves prevent back flow (like veins)
Returns to venous circulation via subclavian veins in chest

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16
Q

What is a result of changing starling forces?

A

Oedema

17
Q

Describe veins

A 
Less smooth muscle in tunica media
Capable of dilating and constricting
Floppy rather than rigid
Capacity to hold large volumes
Valves prevent backflow
18
Q

Which vessel is the capacitance vessel?

A

The veins

They hold 60-80% of blood volume

19
Q

What determines cardiac filling?

A

Venous return

20
Q

What determines venous return?

A

Compliance

21
Q

What controls venous compliance?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

22
Q

What factors affect central venous pressure?

A 
Total blood volume
Skeletal  muscle pump
Respiratory pump
Gravity (lying down)
Venous capacitance

Cardiovascular Science (12 decks)

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