Cap Plan Flashcards
Friable
Soil that is easily crumbled or reduced to powder.
Insulating Glass
Two sheets of glass with an air space between, to insulated against the passage of heat or sound. Also called double glazing.
rabbet
A groove cut into a member to receive another member.
wood
The hard fibrous substance lying beneath the pith and bark of a tree.
valley
The interior trough formed by the intersection of two sloping roof surfaces.
glazing
The work of installing glass in a frame.
Sealant
Material used to prevent the passage of liquid across a joint or opening.
Preservative
A substance that inhibits the development and action of fungi, borers and insects that deteriorate wood.
Hight-carbon Steel
Steel having carbon content over 0.5%. In general, increased carbon content increases strength and hardness but decreases ductility.
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Methods
Bulletproof glass
Glass which has four or more layers of glass laminated to three or more layers of plastic, used where strong impacts may occur.
Asphalt saturated felt
A roofing material applied in several layers to create a built-up composition roof.
Stile
The upright or vertical edge of a door or window.
Built-up roofing
Roofing made up of plies of saturated roofing felts alternated with layers of pitch or hot asphalt cement and surfaced with gravel or a cap sheet.
Weep hole
A small hole near the bottom of a retaining wall, usually backfilled with gravel, to allow water to drain the outside and thus avoiding hydrostatic pressure.
Unified Soil Classification System
The most widely used system for classifying soils. In this system, the soils are primarily classified as coarse-grained (grave & sand), fine-grained (silts and clays) and highly organic.
Plunger
The driving device of a hydraulic elevator. which is powered by liquid under pressure within a cylinder. Also called a ram.
Sill
The lower horizontal member, extending between jambs, which forms the bottom of a window or other frame.
hydraulic elevator
An elevator operated by fluid pressure from below, which raises or lowers the elevator car.
Baluster
A vertical support for a handrail.
Bullnose
A rounded exposed edge
Malleability
The ease with which metal can be shaped by hammering or by machine.
pith
The heart center of a log.
California bearing ratio (CBR)
A ratio used to determine the bearing capacity of a soil, based on a standard test.
Hoistway
A vertical shaft that accommodates one or more elevators, conveyors or dumbwaiters.
Cold joint
A joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed against it.
Construction joint
The joint between two successive concrete pours. Construction joints are usually located where the shear is minimum, such as at a midspan of beams.
parging
The application of plaster tot he back of masonry walls.
hardness
A metal’s resistance to abrasion and penetration.
green
lumber that has not been seasoned and whose moisture content is close to that of the living tree.
K-value
Thermal conductivity of a material.
weatherstripping
Stripping applied to the exterior doors or windows to make them weathertight.
Cylinder test
A test to determine the compressive strength of concrete by subjecting a stander cylinder of hardened concrete to compression in a testing machine.
grade SW (severe weather)
The grade of brick used where hight resistance to freezing and thawing is required.
Dry pipe sprinkler
A sprinkler system whose pipes are normally pressurized with only air, thus being invulnerable to freezing temperatures. Upon actuation, the air is vented and supply pressure forces water through the system.
Cavity wall
A wall built of two or more wythes of masonry units with a continuous air space within the wall. The wythes must be tied together with noncorrosive metal ties.
Solid core door
A door that has a core of solid wood or other solid material.
galvanic action
The deteriorating reaction between dissimilar metals that are in contact in the presence of moisture. Also called electrolysis.
Softwood
The wood of various coniferous (cone-bearing) evergreen trees, such as cedars, pines and firs.
safety glass
Laminated glass, consisting of a thin sheet of transparent plastic laminated between two layers of clear glass. Also called shatterproof glass.
Elastomeric flooring
Synthetic resins applied in liquid form, producing a durable seamless floor surface.
cribbing
a cellular framework that is filled with rock or soil to retain an earth embankment.
soil
A natural material, formed of decomposed and disintegrated parer rock, that can support plant life.
earthwork
Removing and/or adding earth in order to bring the ground surface to a specified elevation or profile. Also called grading.
perm
The unit of permeability for a given material, expressing the resistance of the material to the penetration of moisture. One perm is equal to the flow of one grain of water vapor through one square foot of surface area per hour with a pressure difference of one inch of mercury.
elevator cab
The load-carrying unit of an elevator, including its platform, frame, enclosure, and door. Also called and elevator car.
Sound transmutation class STC
A single-number rating for the evaluation of a particular cross-section in terms of its transmission of airborne sound. The higher the STC rating, the more effective the contraction is at stopping airborne sound.
reinforcing steel
Round steel bars with surface deformations that are placed in the forms prior to casting of concrete and that primarily resist tension.
terne plate
steel coated with lead and tin, used for roofing and flashing.
bronze
an alloy of copper and tin
moving stairway
A continuously moving, power-driven mechanical device that transports passengers along an incline from one floor to an other. also referred to as an escalator.
water table
The level below which the subsoil is completely saturated with water Also called the groundwater level.
veneer
Masonry finish material which is attached, but not structurally bonded, to the backing. Also, a thin layer or sheet of wood produced by slicing or rotary cutting.
annealed glass
Ordinary window glass that has been cooled slowly to avoid locked-in thermal stresses.
water-cement ratio
the ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix, the main factor that determines concrete strength.
aggregate
The chemically inter element of concrete, usually consisting of sand, grave and/or granular material.
car bumpers
A device located at he bottom of an elevator hoist way, used to stop a cab’s overtravel at low speed, not to stop a free-falling cab. Also called a buffer.
compacted fill
Fill that has been densified by the application of pressure, usually by mechanical equipment, in order to increase its stregth and stability and reduce its settlement. Properly compacted fill is often suitable for the support of building footings.
plastic limit
The moisture content at which a soil starts to change from a semisolid to a plastic state.
sand
Granular material, ranging from 3/8” to 1/200”
bond
An arrangement of the elements of a masonry wall to provide strength by lapping the units. Also refers to the pattern formed by the exposed faces of the units.
heat-absorbing glass
Tinted glass that absorbs a percentage of solar radiation. Also called actinic glass.
mullion
A vertical member between windows or doors.
mastic
A permanently plastic waterproof adhesive material used in sealing joints.
bed joint
The horizontal bed mortar joint in masonry work.
air entrainment
The incorporation of tiny air bubble into concrete to improve its workability and resistance to frost.
expansive soil
A fine-grained cohesive soil that undergoes large volume changes with changes in moister content.
metal decking
Sheet steel in corrugated, ribbed or cellular form and used for structural load-carrying purposes in floor or roof construction.
concrete block
A hollow concrete masonry unit.
ledger
a horizontal member supporting joists.
sheepsfoot roller
a large-toothed roller used for the compaction of soil.
frost line
the maximum depth of frost penetration in the ground expected in a given area.
steel
an alloy of iron and carbon with a content between 0.1% and 1.7% (more than wrought iron and less than cast iron has)
architectural bronze
An alloy of copper, zinc, lead and tin used for moldings and forging.
batter boards
Reference points offset a given distance from the building line and set prior to excavation.
roof pitch
The sloe of incline of a roof expressed in degrees or as the ratio of a vertical rise to the horizontal run.
Threshold
A member beneath a door, to cover the floor joint or provide weather protection. Also called a saddle.
Masonry
Brick, block, tile, stone or similar materials bonded together with mortar.
double-acting door
A door having hardware that permits it to swing in either direction from the plane of its frame.
mandrel
A solid core used in driving a shell pile into the ground. When the driving is complete, it is removed and shell is filled with concrete.
bar chair
a device used to support reinforcing bars during the placing of concrete.
dry rot
timber decay due to fungus, in which pockets of dry powered develop.
split
Lengthwise separation of wood extending from one face through to the opposite face.
metal lath
Sheet metal or wire fabric into which a base coat of plaster is keyed.
wane
Bark or lack of wood on the edge or corner of a piece of wood.
brown coat
The second coat of plaster, in three-coat plastering, which is applied over the scratch coat and beneath the finish coat. The large proportion of sand in this mixture gives the coat its name.
buck
a door frame of wood or metal to which the finished frame is attached.
organic soil
soil with a high organic content (decomposed vegetable or animal matter). Organic soils are usually very compressible and have very low bearing capacity.
mortise lock
a lock installed in a rectangular opening cut in the door, rather than on the door’s surface
acoustics
The science of sound and sound control
clay
a fine-grained, cohesive, inorganic soil.
panic hardware
a door-latching assembly that will open the door if subjected to pressure.
winder
A step in a spiral stairway that is wedge-shaped, with its tread wider at one end than the other.
compression zipper gasket
A prefabricated strip of molded or extruded material used in a dry glazing process. Also referred to as a glazing gasket.
modular
Describing a system composed of standardized units or section used for simplified construction or flexibility.
epoxy
A synthetic reside having excellent adhesive properties.
alkyd
A synthetic resin used as a vehicle for paint.
leader
A vertical pipe used to conduct roof water tot he ground. Also called a downspout.
forms
The molds into which concrete is placed until it hardens
soffit
The exposed underside of an architectural element, such as a beam or arch
roping
The arrangement of cables used to hoist an electric elevator.
brass
An allow of copper and zinc that is corrosion-resistant and very workable. Bracz!
reverberation
The persistence of sound in an enclosed space after the source has stopped.
fiber saturation point
moisture content (about 30 percent) above which there is no shrinkage or swelling of wood with variation in moisture content.
cricket
A flashing saddle used on a sloping roof to divert water around a chimney.
cold-rolled steel
Sheet steel that has been formed using heavy rollers at room temperature, to improve its surface finish, hardness and strength
portland cement
The finely ground material used as the binder for structural concrete.
moving ramp
A continuously-moving, power-driven device that transports passengers up an inclined plane horizontally (moving sidewalk). Moving ramps have continuous tread, rather than the individual steps of an escalator.
grout
A high slump concrete, consisting of Portland cement, sand, hydrated lime, water, and sometimes pea gravel.
cylinder lock
a door lock having the locking mechanism within a cylinder.
value engineering
The systematic review of a project design to obtain the best value for the money spent, considering first costs, operating costs, and replacement costs
toughness
A metal’s ability to withstand shock or impact.
louver
An assembly of slpoing, overlapping slats, fixed or adjustable, which excludes rain but admits air and/or light.
muntin
A short, vertical member within a window frame, either vertical or horizontal.
soil boring log
A log showing the types of solid encountered in a test boring and other relevant information.
modular bricks
Bricks with dimensions such that one or more brick courses plus the mortar joints produce courses with an exact dimension, which is usually a multiple of four inches.
galvanizing
The process of applying a coating of zinc to iron for protection against corrosion
dead bolt
A locking device which is rectangular in a cross-section and projected manually.
architectural appearance grade
The appearance grade used for glued laminated members where appearance is an important requirement.
stud wall
A wall consisting of small, closely spaced members usually sheathed on both faces with a wall material.
flood coat
In built-up composition roof, the top layer of bituminous material, which is poured on the surface and covered with an aggregate coating.
slash-grained lumber
Lumber with rings 0degrees to 45degrees with the wide face. Also called flat-grained lumber.
terrazzo
Flooring material made from small chips of marble set in cement and polished.
admixture
A prepared substance added to concrete to alter or achieve certain characteristics.
light
A pane of glass, a window, or any subdivision of a window.
pane
A piece of glass used to glaze a division of a window or door.
stop
The trim applied to the inside face of a door or window frame against which the door or window closes.
bonding plaster
A gypsum plaster mixture containing lime, which is used on interior concrete surfaces.
tier
An individual layer of masonry in a cavity wall. Also called a wythe.
bush-hammered finish
An exposed aggregate concrete finish obtained by roughening the surface with a power-operated bush hammer, which has a serrated face.
sandblasting
The blasting of concrete with sand or another abrasive material to dull the formed surface, make the color uniform or expose the aggregate.
accelerator
A substance, such as calcium chloride, added to a concrete mix to speed cup its setting and strength development.
Use Group A
Assembly
Use Group B
Business
Use Group E
Educational
Use Group F
Factory
Use Group H
Hazardous
Use Group I
Institutional - Facilities that house people day and night who are supervised 24 hours a day for medical problems or due to incarceration for public welfare such as hospitals, nursing homes, nurseries, sanitariums, jails, prisons, an reform schools.
Use Group M
Mercantile - Facilities for display and sale of merchandise presently share the same requirements as Group B - Business.
Use Group R
Residential - These facilities are used for sleeping other than institutional facilities including transient facilities such as hotels (R-1) and primary permanent facilities such as apartment houses and dorms (R-2) and one- and two-family dwelling units (R-3).
Use Group S
Storage
Use Group U
Utility - Not for human occupancy including, private garages, carports, sheds, fences, stables and towers.
Noncombustible construction types
Type I ad Type II. Structural components of steel, concrete or masonry.
Combustible construction types
Type III, IV, and V - Structural components made of wood.
Name three factors to be
considered when
determining the allowable
area of a building.
Occupancy, Type of Construction, Percentage of building frontage accessible to a public way or open space, Automatic sprinkler system, Number of stories of building.
What are the fire ratings for
a wide flag structural steel
member with fireproofing to
withstand collapse.
one, two, three and four
hours.
What is the purpose of the
Steiner Tunnel Test?
To test the flame spread
rating of finishes for interior
walls and ceilings.
The need for three exits
can be base on which of
the following?
Number of occupants (500-
1,000) and Travel distance
to an exit.
For Business occupancy
what is the maximum area
per occupant.
100 SF
Dead-end corridor
A corridor that is closed at one end, usually limited to 20 feet in length.
slump test
A test for mixed concrete to determine consistency and workability.
flashing
An impervious material used to prevent water penetration at joints formed by different materials or surfaces.
nosing
The projection of a tread beyond the riser below.
elastomer
A material having the qualities of rubber.
flitch
A large timber from which veneers are cut.
lamella
A roof structure comprising a series of parallel arches, skewed to the axes of the building, which are intersected by another series of skewed arches, so that they interact with each other.
yard lumber
Lumber of all sizes and patterns intended for general building purposes.
Lewis bolt
A round threaded metal device with a bell-shaped end that is used to anchor stone.
decibel (dB)
A logarithmic measure of sound intensity, expressing the ratio between a given sound being measured and a reference level. The reference level generally corresponds to the faintest audible sound.
board foot
A unit of measure for lumber equal to the volume of a board 12”x12”x1”
casting
A method of producing a metal product by pouring molten metal into a mold of the desired shape.
course
A continuous horizontal layer of masonry work.
electric elevator
An elevator operated by traction, in which steel cables with counterweights raise or lower the elevator car.
needle beam
a short beam passed through a wall to provide temporary support.
oil canning
The wavy distortions of glass or metal panels, often seen in curtain wall construction.
post-and-beam system
A simple structural system consisting of beams simply supported on posts.
heat-strengthened glass
Glass that has greater resistance to impact, thermal stresses, and wind than annealed glass, but less than that of tempered glass.
fill
a manmade deposit of soil.
impervious tile
ceramic tile which has been made completely resistant to penetration by water as a result of vitrification.
tactile finish
A knurled or roughened finish applied to operating hardware on doors leading to areas that might be hazardous to visually impaired persons.
pitch pocket
An opening between growth rings containing pitch or resin.
wet pipe sprinkler
A sprinkler system that is continuously pressurized with water. If a fusible sprinkler opens, water is immediately forced through the sprinkler head.
tilt-up wall
A reinforced concrete wall that is precast at the job site, usually in a flat position, and later tilted up and set into place.
casing bead
A fabricated metal strip applied at the edge of a plastered surface to provide a stop, protection of the edge, or a separation between two dissimilar materials.
air curtain
A stream of air that is directed downward across an opening to exclude drafts, insects and so on.
wood defect
A natural or manufacturing imperfection in wood that may affects its strength, appearance, use or grading. Included are knot, pitch pocket, shake, check, split and wane.
industrial appearance grade
The appearance grade used for glued laminated members where appearance is not of primary concern.
Atterberg limits
The arbitrary limits which define the boundaries between the different states of rigidity or fluidity of fine-grained soils.
flight
A continuous series of steps extending from floor to floor, floor to landing or landing to landing. I the case of the stair vignette it is level to level.
Stacked bond
The masonry bond pattern in which all the head joints form a continuous vertical line and no units overlap.
foundation
The part of a buildings structure that transmits the building’s load to the underlying soil.
backset
The distance from the edge of a door to the center of the knob or lock cylinder.
dampproofing
The materials and methods used to prevent moisture from penetrating a building at or below grade.
dry pack
to pack a damp concrete mixture into a confined space.
grubbing
the removal from a site of unwanted roots, stumps and so on during excavation.
curing
Maintaining concrete at the proper moisture and temperature after it is cast.
raked joint
A mortar joint that has been cleaned of mortar for about 3/4” back from face.
aluminum
a silvery-white metal obtained from bauxite clay by the electrolytic process. Its properties include light weight, good heat and electrical conductivity, and resistance to corrosion after forming a protective oxide coating.
sidewalk elevator
a freight elevator that rises to or directly on the sidewalk level by opening hatch doors in the ground floor.
vermiculite
a lightweight aggregate used in lightweight concrete or plaster.
shoring
temporary support for a portion of a building
zinc
a low-strength metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and therefore used for protective coatings on steel, such as galvanizing.
differential settlement
Unequal settlement of the various parts of a building, which may cause excessive stresses in the structural frame or tilting of the building.
wired glass
sheet glass contain an embedded wire mesh for strength and safety.
Elevator types
The common types are electric and hydraulic.
face brick
Brick made for exterior use with special consideration of color, texture and size.
reglet
a slot in which roofing material or flashing is inserted, generally in a vertical wall surface.
premium appearance grade
The best appearance grade for glued laminated members, used where the finest appearance is required.
corner bead
A metal strip paced on corners before plastering to reinforce and protect the corner. Also referred to as an angle bead.
pile
An underground wood, concrete, or steel member, usually vertical and usually driven into place which is used to support building blocks.
varnish
A clear coating consisting of resins dissolved in a volatile liquid. Varnish produces a hard, smooth and glossy protective film.
arc welding
The most usual welding process used in building construction, in which intense heat is produced by an electric arc between the members to be joined and a metal wire or rod, called the electrode.
ram
The driving device of a hydraulic elevator, which is powered by liquid under pressure within a cylinder. Also referred to as a plunger.
flame-spread rating
A numerical classification indicating the rate at which flame will spread over the surface of a given material. Class I materials have the least flame-spread and Class III have the most.
structural glass
Opaque glass used in block, sheet or tile form for exterior building panels.
decay
The decomposition of wood by fungi.
grillage
A framework of horizontal members used to spread a structural load over a large area.
sheeting
Vertical members used to temporarily hold the face of an excavation during construction.
structural steel
a medium carbon steel, rolled in a variety of shapes for use as load-bearing structural members
fire-resistance rating
The time, in hours, that a material or assembly of materials can withstand exposure to fire.
kalamein door
A type of fire-resistive door that has a solid wood core covered with sheet metal.
shatterproof glass
Laminated glass, consisting of a thin sheet of transparent plastic laminated between two layers of clear glass.
high-lift grouting
A method of building reinforced grouting masonry walls in which a large area of the wall is set and then the grout is placed, usually by pumping.
air-dried
Describing wood that is seasoned by exposure to the atmosphere without artificial heat.
check
a lengthwise separation of wood caused by nonuniform seasoning.
hollow core
Describing a door in which veneer faces are glued to an inner skeleton framework.
reflective glass
Glass with a reflective film laminated between two sheets of clear glass which behaves like a mirror reflecting heat and glare.
base shoe
a quarter round trim piece used to cover the joint between the finish flooring and the base.
selective-collective
an elevator operating system in which all calls are answered in the direction of a car’s travel, and calls in the opposite direction are ignored until the travel direction is reversed.
heavy timber
referring to construction in which fire resistance is obtained by using wood structural members of specified minimum sizes.
Cor-Ten Steel
A proprietary name for weathering steel
carriage
an inclined timber beam that supports the steps of a wooden stairway.
dressed lumber
lumber that has been surfaced by a planing machine. If all four sides are surfaced (S4S), the net dimensions of the piece are about 1/2 inch less than the normal dimensions, Also called surfaced lumber.
latch
A beveled fastening device that automatically slides into position when door is closed.
linoleum
a resilient floor covering formed of burlap or canvas coated with linseed oil, ground cork, and rosin. It is durable, easily maintained and relatively inexpensive.
broom finish
A scored concrete surface produced by brooming before the concrete has completely hardened.
low-lift grouting
A method of building reinforced grouted masonry walls in which the grout between the tiers is poured as the units are laid.
backfill
Earth that is replaced around a foundation or retaining wall after the concrete forms have been removed.
counterflashing
A strip of impervious material (usually sheet metal) that is fastened at one edge and turned down at the other edge over flashing, to prevent water penetration at flashed joints.
gypsum board
A prefabricated form of plaster used in place of conventional three-coat interior plaster.
bitumen
A substance derived from petroleum or coal used to resist water penetration, such as asphalt or coal tar pitch.
anodizing
A process of coating aluminum with a hard oxide film by electrolytic action to prevent corrosion and improve appearance.
intumescent paint
Paint that swells up when exposed to excessive heat and thus resists flame spread.
vehicle
The liquid portion of a paint that holds the pigment of solids in suspension.
hospital tip
The rounded top edge on a hinge, designed for cleanliness and to avoid catching garments.
rim lock
A lock mounted on the face of a door.
sash
A frame in which the panes of a window or door are placed.
escutcheon
a protective or decorative metal plate around a knob and/or keyhole of a door.
sheave
A pulley wheel for hoisting that has a grooved rim to accommodate a wire cable.
slurry
a soupy mixture of water and clay or water and portland cement.
unit lock
A preassembled lock that is installed quickly and efficiently in a rectangular notch cut in the door edge.
edge-grained lumber
Lumber with rings at 45 degrees to 90 degrees with the wide face.
sherardizing
a method of coating steel with a thin layer of zinc.
jalousie
A window or door blind made of fixed or movable horizontal slats.
run
the horizontal distance of a flight of stairs including landings.
curtain wall
a nonbearing exterior building wall, composed of metal framework and panels of glass, plastic and so on which functions as an enclosing skin.
