cap mitchell aerospace RAHH Flashcards
conduction
heating by direct contact
heat
the total energy of all molecules within a substance
convection
heat transfer by vertical motion
wind chill
temperature and wind speed used to explain how cold it feels
relative humidity
amount of water vapor in the air compared to its water vapor capacity at a given temperature
neil armstrong
first man to walk on the moon in 1969
roger bacon
increased the range of rockets
wernher von braun
director of the v-2 rocket project
william congreve
designed rockets for military use
jean froissart
improved the accuracy of rockets by launching them through tubes
yuri gagarin
first man in space and first man to orbit earth
john glenn
first american to orbit earth in 1962
robert goddard
dubbed father of modern rocketry, experimented with solid and liquid propellant rockets
william hale
developed the technique of spin stabilization in 1812
hero
developed the first rocket engine (hero’s engine)
sergei korolev
dubbed father of the soviet space program, leading soviet rocket scientist
issac newton
laid scientific foundation for modern rocketry with laws of motion
herman oberth
space pioneer, wrote a book about rocket travel into outer space that sparked the creation of small space societies
alan shepherd
first american in space in 1961
skylab
first US space station created in 1973
spin stabilization
created by william hale
sputnik 1
first artificial satellite launched in 1957
konstantin tsiolokovsky
dubbed father of modern aeronautics, proposed the use of rockets for space exploration
control system
steers the rocket and keeps it stable
guidance system
gets the rocket to its destination, the brain of the rocket
inertia
the tendency of an object at rest to stay at rest and an object in motion to stay in motion
spaceship 1
aircraft with suborbital capacity
spaceship 2
could possibly offer the general public space travel
absolute zero
point at which all molecules no longer move or have the least amount of energy, theoretically the absolute coldest temperature
cislunar space
space between the earth and the moon
interplanetary space
space located within a solar system
interstellar space
the space between one solar system to another
van allen belt
radiation belts around the earth filled with charged particles
black hole
a region in space where no radiation is emitted
magnitude
measure of a brightness of a star
nebula
giant cloud of gas and dust
parsec
distance equal to 3.26 light years
pulsar
pulsating star the flashed electromagnetic emissions in a set pattern
star
a body of hot gasses
solar flares
short-lived high energy charges from the sun
solar prominences
larger energy discharges from the sun that can be thousands of miles high and last for months
apogee
the highest point of an orbit
COMSAT
communications satellite
GNSS
navigation satellites
GOES
geostationary operational environmental satellite
GPS
global positioning system
ITSO
international telecommunications satellite organization
LANDSAT
satellite that locates natural resources and monitors conditions on earth
NAVSTAR GPS
only fully operational GNSS
perigee
the lowest point of an orbit
sputnik
first artificial satellite
apollo
us manned spaceflight project that put man on the mon
gemini
us manned spaceflight project that achieved the first walk in space and first two man capsule
mercury
us first manned spaceflight project
mir
russia’s space station of the 1980s and 1990s
salyut
russia’s first space station
spacelab
european space agency’s first space station
bernoulli’s principle
when a fluid’s velocity is flowing at low velocity, pressure is high, when air flows through a restriction, the velocity accelerates and the pressure drops.
downwash
force pressing down hard on surrounding air pushing the wing up
vertical axis (YAW)
moves the tail/nose left or right
longitudinal axis
rolls the aircraft left or right
lateral axis PITCH
moves nose up and down
MQ9
most successful UAV in the USAF arsenal
RQ-4 global hawk
northrop grumman
lapse rate
average rate at which temperature decreases with an increase in altitude
combustion chamber
enclosed container in which air and fuel are burned for the production of energy
engine aka the powerplant
uses energy to run other accessories
photosphere
the part of the sun that gives off light
vane
tilted to control the direction of a rocket
sailplane
uses energy from the environment and any method possible to find lift and ride it to a greater height
jetstream
usually crosses the US at 30-35k feet generally moving in an west to east direction
3rd largest planet
Uranus
geocentric theory
earth is the center of the universe, theory developed by ptolemy
when was the first american launched into space
1961
altitude control system
steers and controls the direction of the satellite
when did communication satellites begin
1958
pilaire drozier and francois darlandes
historic hot air balloon flight over paris in nov 1783
Io
jupiter’s moon discovered to have volcanic activity
telemetry
tells a controller how the satellite is functioning
vasi lighting system
gives pilots visual indication of the proper approach
first probes to reach jupiter?
pioneer probes
moon’s 2 terrains
highlands and lowlands
internal components of a reciprocating airplane engine
cylinder, intake valve, exhaust valve, connecting rod, crankshaft, piston
heliocentric theory
sun is the center of the universe, theory developed by nicolas copernicus
william congreve
increased a rocket’s range from 200-3000 feet
how long saturn take to revolve around the sun
29 years
when does fog form
when the temperature and dew point are within 5 degrees of each other
predator
air force’s first UAV
which probe flew by venus and mercury
mariner probe
what cloud type is associated with turbulence
cumulus because it is the lowest cloud type
chord
line drawn through an airfoil from its leading to training edge
roll
nose left nose right motion
ed white
first american to spacewalk on gemini 4
true speed
actual speed of an airplane through the air
average distance between earth and the moon
238900 miles
tachometer
engine instrument that measures speed in revolutions per minute
roger bacon
increased the range of rockets by improving gunpoweder
nebulae
clouds of gas and dust that spin and give galaxies shape
gyros
flight instruments that maintain their position while spinning
NEAR near earth asteroid rendezvous
made close encounter with mathilde asteroid
valentina tereshkova
first woman in space
robert goddard
conducted many practical experiments with rockets in the early 20th centur
guiseppe piazi
discovered the first asteroid
what was hero’s engine propelled by
steam
when was the first weather satellite launched
1960
first aircraft that had directional control
gliders
2 phases of bird flight
ground and lift
congreve rockets
rockets used in the battle of fort mchenry, developed by william congreve who built many rockets for the military
pilot control lighting
at select uncontrolled airports, pilots can control the intensity of runway edge lights with radio frequency
which planet has no atmosphere
mercury
what provides lifting power for sailplanes
vertical motion of the atmosphere
control system
takes information from guidance system to steer the rocket and keep the rocket stable
wittman fields busiest weeks
last in july, first in august
tailwind
a wind that is blowing from behind the airplane
relative wind is also known as
airflow
what is earths angle of tilt as it rotates on its axis
23.5 degrees
kepler
gave us the law that states the orbit of each planet is an elipse with the sun at its focus
when was the beaufort scale developed
1805
when was the longest spacewalk
in 2001 and lasted 9 hours
how long does neptune take to orbit sun
165 years
thermal control sub system
most commonly used to control the temperature of a satellite
robert goddard
achieved first successful flight with liquid propellant rocketr
first probes to take pictures of the moon?
rangers
throttle valve
small gate in the carburetor that controls the amount of air going into it
how much of the atmosphere’s air is located 18000 feet below sea level
50%
how long did the first successful manned powered flight in a balloon go from the launch point
5 miles
when was the space shuttle launched
1981
what priniciple does a hot air balloon operate on
bernoulli’s principle
how often does halley’s comet reappear
76 years
what are 2 conditions to pay attention to it comes to the category of hurricanes
barometric pressure and storm surges
how many flights were in the gemini program
10 flights
relief
term used to describe elevations and is depicted by color tints, contour lines, and shading
who won the ansari x-prize
mojave ventures
what planet is called the evening planet
venus because it is the brightest planet to be seen from earth
camber
curvature of a wing
ventura tube
used to show what causes air to accelerate when it passes through the middle
what allows a paper airplane to land gently
the elevators
how do pilots control the mixture of fuel and air
mixture control
convection
warm air rising vertically
what jet broke the sound barrier in 1997
thrust ssc
which space probes explored the environment of mars
vikings
gimbaled nozzle
control that sways while the exhaust passes through thus changing a rocket’s direction
directional signs
yellow signs with black lettering
marco polo
reported seeing the first manned aircraft in china
BTW
measure of heat that is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1 degree
concorde
provided high speed and greater reliability while transporting people at twice the speed of sound
nacelle
streamlined enclosure that covers the nose of an airplane engine
turn coordinator (incline meter)
indicates if a turn isn’t executed properly
why does uranus have 42 years of daylight followed by 42 years of night
because its tilted 60 degrees on its axis
what was alan shepherd’s mercury capsule
freedom 7
what causes pitch on an airplane
elevators
vertical velocity indicator
senses changes in air pressure and gives the pilor a rate of climb
ozonosphere
shields us from ultraviolet and infared radiation
what was the rocket developed solely to send humans to the moon
saturn 5
what color are the hottest stars
blue
how long does it take neptune to complete an orbit
165 years
what did the apollo lunar mission find
Evidence of water on the moon in 2008
what type of stars have the highest temperature
type “o”
a heading indicator is also known as what
artificial compass/directional gyro
what altitude must object be to orbit the earth
80-90 miles
how long did alan shepherd’s spaceflight last
15 minutes
daily dosage of radiation on ISS
8 chest xrays
what is used to set the heading indicator in the airplane panel?
a precision compass
joseph and etienne montgolfier
brothers who created first hot air balloon manned flight
not an example of a uav
white night
blue flame
rocket powered car that set land speed record
4 cycles of a 4 cycle engine
intake, compression, ignition, exhaust
main parts of the space shuttle
the orbiter, solid rocket boosters, external tank
vanes
small fins placed inside the exhaust of a rocket engine
what are the tallest mountains in our solar system
olympus mons
what was the rocket used to launch the gemini missions
titan 2
mike melville
first private pilot to earn NASA’s astronaut wings
what is the average distance between the earth and the moon in cislunar space
237,087 miles
what happened to apollo 13?
aborted landing on moon due to oxygen explosion
magneto
provides spark to a reciprocating engine to keep it running
