CAP 4 researchers

Question 1

Chun Siong Soon et al

Answer 1

brain activity relating to whether to press a button with left or right hand occurred up to 10 seconds before participants were consciously aware of making a decision

Question 2

Plato and Descartes

Answer 2

(nature) believe certain things are inborn and occur naturally, regardless of environmental influences

Question 3

John Locke

Answer 3

people are born with a blank slate (tabula rasa)

Question 4

Plomin

Answer 4

IQ is 0.5 on the heritability coefficient

Question 5

Dias and Ressler

Answer 5

epigenetics

Question 6

Nesdadt

Answer 6

0.68 concordance rate (MZ) and 0.32 concordance rate (DZ) for OCD

Question 7

Buss

Answer 7

10,000 adults in 33 different countries, men preferred young, physically attractive women for their reproductive capacity

Question 8

Singh

Answer 8

0.7 hip to waist ratio

Question 9

Clark and Hatfield

Answer 9

‘would you like to go to bed with me tonight’ to university students, 0% women and 75% of men said yes

Question 10

Kerchkoff and Davies

Answer 10

Filter theory

Question 11

Festinger

Answer 11

found that people who lived nearer the stairwells in apartment blocks knew the most people in the block

Question 12

Thibault and Kelling

Answer 12

social exchange theory

Question 13

Rusbult and Martz

Answer 13

found that of the domestically abused women in a shelter, those who were most likely to return to the partner (so most committed) reported having made the greatest investment and had fewest attractive alternatives (dissatisfied but still committed)

Question 14

Le and Agnew

Answer 14

conducted a meta-analysis of 52 studies which included about 11,000 participants from 5 countries; found satisfaction, comparison with alternatives and investment size all predicted relationship commitment and relationships in which commitment was greatest were the most stable and lasted longest

Question 15

Michna et al

Answer 15

young people thought of virtual relationships as in the same vein as physical ones (going to be more popular as people reach dating age)

Question 16

Rubin

Answer 16

stranger on the train (more likely to disclose)

Question 17

Bargh et al

Answer 17

intimacy developed quicker in virtual relationships due to lack of gating

Question 18

Kienlen

Answer 18

63% of stalkers experienced an early loss of primary caregiver, usually due to a parental separation (50% reported physical, mental or sexual abuse as a child)

Question 19

Beck et al

Answer 19

found that when a group of 153 patients with schizophrenia were assessed by 2 different psychiatrists, the diagnosis agreement was only 54%

Question 20

Copeland

Answer 20

134 US psychiatrists and 194 British psychiatrists given a description, 69% of US and 2% of British gave a diagnosis

Question 21

Rosenham

Answer 21

sent 8 pseudopatients into hospitals saying they could hear ‘empty, hollow, thud’ but no other symptoms or history and then acted normally once admitted, all were diagnosed and none of the misdiagnosis were discovered in their hospital stays

Question 22

Ripke et al

Answer 22

108 genetic variants including the C4 gene

Question 23

Davis

Answer 23

revised and says there was also too little in the mesocortical pathway

Question 24

Fromm-Reichmann

Answer 24

describes a mother who is domineering, insensitive, controlling and overprotective; micro-manage and deny independence

Question 25

Bateson et al

Answer 25

contradictory communication between family members

Question 26

Linszen et al

Answer 26

a patient returning to a high expressed emotion household was 4x more likely to relapse

Question 27

Davis et al

Answer 27

29 studies looking into effectiveness, relapse occurred in 55% in schizophrenic patients whose drugs were replaced with placebo compared to just 19% who continued taking the antipsychotics

Question 28

Startup et al

Answer 28

90 patients who were admitted for an acute schizophrenic episode; 43 were given standard care and 40% showed improvements then only 17% at checkups; 47 given standard care and up to 25 90 minute sessions of CBT (60% improvements with long lasting effects)

Question 29

Anderson et al

Answer 29

relapse was 60% with antipsychotics alone, 20% with family therapy and less than 5% when used together (can prevent the revolving door syndrome)

Question 30

Meehl

Answer 30

in the past, if a person didn’t have schizogene they wouldn’t develop the disorder

Question 31

Tarrier et al

Answer 31

15 patients with schizophrenia allocated into 3 groups: antipsychotics and CBT, antipsychotics and supportive counselling and a control group of antipsychotics alone; patients in combined groups showed significantly lower symptom levels)

Question 32

Houston

Answer 32

child sexual abuse is a major influence and cannabis is a major trigger (considering multiple aspects)

Question 33

Eysenck

Answer 33

personality - explains a correlation between traits and addictive behaviours

Question 34

Verheul et al

Answer 34

personality disorders are in 44% of alcoholics, 70% of cocaine addicts and 79% in opioid addicts

Question 35

Driessen et al

Answer 35

30% of drug addicts and 15% of alcoholics also suffered from PTSD

Question 36

Piazza

Answer 36

pinched rats tails continuously and found that those stressed rats were more likely to seek out amphetamines

Question 37

Schniur et al

Answer 37

found alcohol dependence was twice as likely in those with social phobias than those without