cap 3 - aqueous environments

Question 1

acids

Answer 1

substances that ionise to release H+ ions when dissolved in water

Question 2

bases

Answer 2

substances that produce OH- ions in solutions

Question 3

properties of acids:
pH, solutions, taste, feel

Answer 3

pH < 7, forms H+ ions, sour, stinging/burning skins

Question 4

properties of bases:
pH, solutions, taste, feel

Answer 4

pH > 7, forms OH- ions, bitter, slippery feel

Question 5

indicators

Answer 5

chemicals that change colour in the presence of an acid and alkali

Question 6

indicating acids

Answer 6

blue litmus paper becomes red, OR
red/orange with universal indicator

Question 7

indicating bases

Answer 7

red litmus paper becomes blue, OR
blue/purple with universal indicator

Question 8

ionisation

Answer 8

where a covalent molecule splits into ions (i.e. all acids)

Question 9

dissociation

Answer 9

where an ionic compound dissolves in water

Question 10

strong vs weak

Answer 10

strong: completely ionise/dissociate in water
weak: only partially ionise/dissociate

Question 11

HCl

Answer 11

strong acid

Question 12

HNO3

Answer 12

strong acid

Question 13

H2SO4

Answer 13

strong acid

Question 14

CH3COOH

Answer 14

weak acid

Question 15

H3PO4

Answer 15

weak acid

Question 16

H2CO3

Answer 16

weak acid

Question 17

common strong bases

Answer 17

group 1 and 2 oxides and hydroxides

Question 18

NH3

Answer 18

weak base

Question 19

Na2CO3

Answer 19

weak base

Question 20

NaHCO3

Answer 20

weak base

Question 21

concentrated

Answer 21

high molarity

Question 22

diluted

Answer 22

low molarity

Question 23

diprotic acids

Answer 23

acids that have two H+ in the structure and release both in solution e.g. H2SO4
(strongly lose first, weakly lose second)

Question 24

pH scale

Answer 24

inverse logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration

Question 25

acid + metal

Answer 25

salt + hydrogen gas

Question 26

acid + metal oxide

Answer 26

salt + water

Question 27

acid + metal hydroxide

Answer 27

salt + water

Question 28

acid + metal carbonate

Answer 28

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 29

acid + metal hydrogencarbonate

Answer 29

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 30

base + ammonium salt

Answer 30

salt + water + ammonia (pungent gas)

Question 31

base + nonmetal oxide

Answer 31

salt + water

Question 32

self-ionisation (autoionisation) of water

Answer 32

equilibrium reactions that water undergoes on its own, by ionising and recombining constantly

Question 33

ionic product of water (Kw)

Answer 33

equillibrium constant for the self-ionisation of water

Question 34

neutrality when

Answer 34

concentration of hydrogen = hydroxide