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AECHE > cap 3 - aqueous environments > Flashcards

cap 3 - aqueous environments Flashcards

1
Q

acids

A

substances that ionise to release H+ ions when dissolved in water

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2
Q

bases

A

substances that produce OH- ions in solutions

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3
Q

properties of acids:
pH, solutions, taste, feel

A

pH < 7, forms H+ ions, sour, stinging/burning skins

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4
Q

properties of bases:
pH, solutions, taste, feel

A

pH > 7, forms OH- ions, bitter, slippery feel

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5
Q

indicators

A

chemicals that change colour in the presence of an acid and alkali

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6
Q

indicating acids

A

blue litmus paper becomes red, OR
red/orange with universal indicator

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7
Q

indicating bases

A

red litmus paper becomes blue, OR
blue/purple with universal indicator

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8
Q

ionisation

A

where a covalent molecule splits into ions (i.e. all acids)

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9
Q

dissociation

A

where an ionic compound dissolves in water

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10
Q

strong vs weak

A

strong: completely ionise/dissociate in water
weak: only partially ionise/dissociate

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11
Q

HCl

A

strong acid

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12
Q

HNO3

A

strong acid

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13
Q

H2SO4

A

strong acid

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14
Q

CH3COOH

A

weak acid

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15
Q

H3PO4

A

weak acid

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16
Q

H2CO3

A

weak acid

17
Q

common strong bases

A

group 1 and 2 oxides and hydroxides

18
Q

NH3

A

weak base

19
Q

Na2CO3

A

weak base

20
Q

NaHCO3

A

weak base

21
Q

concentrated

A

high molarity

22
Q

diluted

A

low molarity

23
Q

diprotic acids

A

acids that have two H+ in the structure and release both in solution e.g. H2SO4
(strongly lose first, weakly lose second)

24
Q

pH scale

A

inverse logarithmic measure of hydrogen ion concentration

25
Q

acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen gas

26
Q

acid + metal oxide

A

salt + water

27
Q

acid + metal hydroxide

A

salt + water

28
Q

acid + metal carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

29
Q

acid + metal hydrogencarbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

30
Q

base + ammonium salt

A

salt + water + ammonia (pungent gas)

31
Q

base + nonmetal oxide

A

salt + water

32
Q

self-ionisation (autoionisation) of water

A

equilibrium reactions that water undergoes on its own, by ionising and recombining constantly

33
Q

ionic product of water (Kw)

A

equillibrium constant for the self-ionisation of water

34
Q

neutrality when

A

concentration of hydrogen = hydroxide

AECHE (8 decks)

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