Cans Flashcards
1
Q
What did the early Hebrews contribute to the development of Esthetics
A
Hebrews has grooming rituals based on the idea that their bodies were gifts to be cared for. They used grape seed oils to moisten the skin and hyssop to cleanse
2
Q
What did the ancient Greeks contribute to the development of Esthetics
A
The term cosmetics and cosmetology originated from the Greek language. They bathed in olive oil and dusted the body in sand to protect it from the sun. They viewed their body as a temple
3
Q
What were the ancient romans famous for?
A
They were famous for their elaborate public bath houses
4
Q
What did the asians contribute to the development of Esthetics
A
They blended nature, animals and self into a sophisticated and elaborate culture that adhered to a high standard of beauty and grooming, known to paint their nails ebony or crimson colours and made use of threading
5
Q
What did the Africans contribute to the development of Esthetics
A
Created remedies and grooming aids from materials found in their natural environments
6
Q
What did beauty look like in the Middle Ages
A
Towering headdresses, elaborate hair styles and coloured lips and cheeks
7
Q
What did beauty look like during the Renaissance?
A
Shaving or tweezing eyebrows and hair line to give the appearance of greater intelligence, makeup was discouraged
8
Q
What did beauty look like in the age of extravagance
A
Women of status bathed in milk and strawberries, use of face powder made from startch and brightly coloured cheeks and lips. Women also decorated their face in silk patches
9
Q
What did beauty look like in the Victorian age?
A
Makeup was discouraged except at the theatre and women made masks and packs made from natural ingredients to care for their skin
10
Q
What is nanotechnology
A
The art of manipulating materials on a cosmetic or molecular scale
11
Q
What is henna
A
A dye obtained from the powdered leaves and shoots of the mignonette tree
12
Q
What is an alkali?
A
Also known as bases, have a pH above 7, have a butter taste and turn red litmus paper blue
Some alkalis include baking soda, soap, ammonia and Lye
13
Q
What is ionization?
A
Causes an atom or molecule to split in two
14
Q
What is an anion
A
An ion with a negative electrical charge
15
Q
What is a cation
A
An ion with a positive electrical charge
16
Q
What is oxidation-reduction
A
Also known as Redox, a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized
17
Q
What is combustion?
A
The rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light
18
Q
What are solutions?
A
A uniform mixture of two or more mutually miscible substances
19
Q
What is a solute?
A
Any substance that is dissolved by a solvent to form a solution
20
Q
What is a solvent
A
Any substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution.
21
Q
What are suspensions
A
Unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances have larger particles than solutions
22
Q
What are emulsions
A
Mixtures of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier
23
Q
What are surfactants?
A
Used to emulsify oil and water to create an emulsion
24
Q
What is an electric current
A
The flow electricity among a conductor in a complete circuit
25
What is a conductor
Any material that easily conducts electricity
26
What is an insulator
A non conductor, a substance that does not conduct electricity
27
What is a direct current
A constant even flowing current that travels in one direction only
28
What is a converter
An apparatus that converts a direct current to an alternating current
29
What is an alternating current
A rapid and interrupted current flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite. Anything that has a plug uses an alternating current
30
What is a volt
The unit that measured the pressure of force that pushed the flow of electors forward through a conductor
31
What is an ampere
The unit that measures the amount of an electric current
32
What is a galvanic current
Constant and direct current that has a positive and negative pole and produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body
33
What is iontophorisis
Also know as ionization, the process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electrical current
34
What is deincrustation
A form of anaphorisis, a process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and black heads
35
What is microcurrent
An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s own natural electrical impulses
36
What does LASER stand for
Light amplification stimulation emission of radiation
37
What is photothermolysis
A process that turns the light from laser into heat
38
What does blue light do?
Reduces acne
39
What does red light do
Increases circulation and improves colleges and elastin production in the skin
40
What does yellow light do?
Reduces swelling and inflammation
41
What does green light do?
Reduces hyper pigmentation
42
What are macro nutrients
Basic building blocks necessary for bodily functions
43
What are carbohydrates
Break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body. The most important carb is glucose
44
What is adenosinetriphosphate (ATP)
A substance that provides energy to the cells
45
What are the carb divisions ?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
46
What are poly unsaturated fats?
Processed foods, they have more rigid molecules that can cause the hardening of arteries
47
What are monosaturated fats
Come from olive oil and canola oil, more fluid molecules and are important for cell integrity and membrane phospholipids
48
What are polyunsaturated fats
They are liquid at room temperature and more easily oxidated, they are found in fish
49
What are the main minerals?
Calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and sodium
50
Define calcium’s role
Forming and maintaining bones
51
Define magnesium’s role
Energy release and protein synthesis
52
What is phosphorous’ role
Energy release, bone formation and cell growth
53
What is potassium’s role
Energy use, wager balance and muscular movement
54
What is sodium’s role?
Moves carbon dioxide and regulates water levels
55
What is irons role
Used in the production of hemoglobin and is essential for the immune system
56
What is iodine’s role
Metabolizes excess fat
57
What is zincs role
Protein synthesis and collagen formation Also promotes wound healing
58
What is coppers role
Aids in the formation of bone, hemoglobin, cells and elastin
59
What is seleniums role
Vital antioxidant and tissue elasticity
60
Define Omega 3
A type of good poly unsaturated fat that may decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular disease
61
What is Liolenic acid
An omega 6 fatty acid that maintains the lipid barrier of the skin
62
What is cholesterol
A waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D and bile
63
What are micro nutrients
Essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper bodily functions
64
Define vitamin A
Aka retinol. Stimulates collagen production and used in acne treatments necessary for proper eyesight can prevent skin cancer
65
Define vitamin D
Sunshine vitamin, comes from cholesterol exposed to sunlight. Gets the body to properly absorb and use calcium
66
Define Vitamin E
Antioxidant. Protects the body from free radicals and helps heal tissues
67
Define vitamin K
Essential for the synthesis of proteins necessary for blood coagulation and improves the appearance of abnormal capillaries or spider veins
68
Define vitamin C
Antioxidant that helps protect the body from many forms of oxidation and from problems involving free radicals. Helps to repair skin and tissues and promotes collagen
69
What are fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E and K
70
What are water soluble vitamins
B, C and P
71
What are primary lesions?
Lesions in the early stages of development or change
72
What is a bulls
A large blister containing watery fluid
73
What is a cyst
Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid
74
What is a macule
A flat spot or discolouration of the skin like a freckle
75
What is a nodule
Smaller than a tumour made of scar tissue
76
What is a papule
A small elevation of the skin that contains no fluid
77
What is a pustule
An inflamed pallid containing a fluid made up of white blood cells and bacteria
78
What is a tubercle
Abnormal rounded solid lump
79
What is a vesicle
Often caused by poison ivy or oak it is a blister containing clear fluid
80
What is a wheal
An itchy swelled lesions caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction or stings
81
What is excoriation
A skin sore or abrasion caused by scratching or scraping
82
What is asteatosis
Dry, scaly skin from a sebum deficiency
83
What is sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign lesions frequently seen in oilier regions of the face
84
What is a steatoma
Sebaceous cyst or tumour filled with sebum
85
What is bromhidrosis
Foul smelling perspiration
86
What is miliaria rubra
Prickly heat senasation caused by perspiration
87
What is perioral dermatitis?
Acne like condition around the mouth often caused by toothpaste
88
What is telangiectasia
A vascular lesions also known as couperose skin
89
What is cholasma
Liver spots
90
What is melasma
Pregnancy mask
91
What is a nevus
A birth mark
92
What is a verruca
A wart
93
What is impetigo
A bacterial infection if the skin that often occurs in children, characterized by clusters of small blisters
94
Describe grade one acne
Minor breakout activity
95
Describe grade 2 acne
Many closed comedones, more open and occasional papules and pustules
96
Describe grade 3 acne
Red and inflamed, many papules and pustules
97
Describe grade 4 acne
Cystic acne, red and inflamed, High risk of scarring
98
Describe normal skin
Good oil-water balance
99
What is the Fitzpatrick scale
A scale used to measure the skin types ability to tolerate skin exposure
6 skin types
100
Describe type 1 from the Fitzpatrick scale
Very fair, light hair and eyes, always burns never tans
101
Describe type 2 from Fitzpatrick scale
Fair, burns easily, tans with difficulty
102
Describe type 3 from the Fitzpatrick scale
Very common; fair, sometimes burns and gradually tans, risk of hyper/hypo pigmentation
103
Describe type 4 from the Fitzpatrick scale
Mediterranean Caucasian skin, dark hair, rarely burns
104
Describe type 5 from Fitzpatrick scale
Middle eastern skin, dark to black hair, skin darkens and may never burn. Have a high risk of scarring from treatments and trauma
105
Describe type 6 from Fitzpatrick scale
Black skin, brown eyes, tans easily, may never burn
106
Describe the glogau scale
Evaluates photodamage based on wrinkling categorized by age (4 types)
107
Describe rubins classification
Uses 3 levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes or damage
108
What is the benefit of Ozone in a skin treatment
Antiseptic qualities, kills bacteria
109
Describe the vaccume machine
Sucks out dirt and impurities, stimulates the dermal layer and lymphatic and blood circulation, can be used in place of massage
110
Describe the galvanic current machine
Chemical deincrustation and ioniciontopherisis
111
What is a Lucas sprayer
Used to apply a fine lager of mist made up of plant extracts, herbal teas, freshers or astringents
112
What does OSHA stand for
Occupational safety and health administration
113
What does HCA stand for
Hazard communication standard
114
What does MSDS stand for
Material safety data sheet
115
What does EPA stand for
Environmental protection agency; registers the different types of disinfectants
116
What are the 4 potentially harmful organisms
Bacteria
Fungi
Virus’s
Parasites
117
Define disinfection
The process that destroys most but not all harmful organisms; not effective against bacterial spores
118
What are the two types of bacteria
Pathogenic and non pathogenic
119
Describe Cocci bacteria
Round shaped bacteria with 3 subtypes
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Diplococci
120
Describe bacilli
Short rod shaped bacteria. Most common bacteria, causes lock jaw, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, diphtheria
121
Describe spirilla
Spiral or corkscrewed bacteria, can cause STDs and Lyme disease
122
Define virus
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism; unlike bacteria viruses can not reproduce on their own
123
Define fungi
Microscopic plant parasites that include moulds mildews and yeast
124
What are dermatophytes
The fungi that causes nail, skin, hair infections
125
What are the two types of immunity
Natural and acquired
126
Describe decontamination method one
Cleaning and then disinfecting In EPA registered disinfectant
127
Describe decontamination method two
Cleaning and then sterilizing using an auto clave
128
Define sterilization
Process of completely destroying all microbial life including spores
129
What are e two types of disinfectant
Quat and phenolics
130
What are standard precautions
Introduced by CDC. Workers must assume that all blood and bodily fluids are potential sources of infection and PPE must be worn at all times during service
131
What are universal precautions
Introduced by OSHA require the employee and the employer to assume that there are pathogens present in all human blood
132
What are the exposure incident steps
- stop service
- put on gloves
- stop the bleeding by applying pressure using gauze
- clean the infected area with an antiseptic after bleeding stops
- bandage the affected area
- clean and disinfect work station using an EPA registered disinfectant
- discard and double bag all single use items, Mark with biohazard sticker and discard in contamination basket
- before removing globes make sure all tools are cleaned and immersed in disinfectant
- remove gloves a thoroughly wash hands with soap and water before returning to service
- recommend the client see a physician if infection occurs
133
What is the esthetician’s professional responsibility
- follow state and regulatory laws and rules
- keep license current and notify agency is name change or if you move
- check states website weekly to see if there has been any change in rules or regulations
134
How does bacteria enter the body?
- break in skin
- mouth
- nose
- eyes
- ears
- unprotected sex
135
What is another name for plantar wart
Verruca (HPV)
136
Define laws
Determine scope of practice, establish guidelines for regulatory agents to make rules. Also called statues
137
Define rules
More specific than laws, determine how the law must be applied, can be changed or updated frequently
138
What are functional ingredients
Ingredients that allow product to be spread and give body and texture
139
What are emollients
Fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize, can act as vehicles or performance ingredients. Also used to protect against TEWL
140
What are fatty acids
Lubricant derived from plants and animal fats
141
What are fatty alcohols
Fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen, used as emollients or spreading agents
142
What are fatty Esthers
Always end in -ATE. Lubricate more easily
143
What are surfactants
Reduce surface tension between the skin and the product. Increase spread ability
144
What are detergents
Reduce surface tension between dirt and oil on the skins surface. Form an emulsion to lift them from the skin
145
What’s a chelating agent
A chemical that is added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of a preservative
146
What are lakes
Insoluble pigments made by mixing dye with inorganic materials
147
What are Lipids used for
Used to improve hydration, plumpness and smoothness of the skin
148
What does retinol do to the skin
Stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells
149
What are free radicals
Aggressive, unstable, oxygen containing molecules that steal electrons from other molecules thus damaging them. Must be treated using anti oxidants such as vitamin C
150
What are chemical sunscreens
Organic or carbon based compounds that chemically absorb ultraviolet radiation
151
What are physical sunscreens
Inorganic compounds that typically contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide that reflect or scatter ultraviolet rays
152
What is a freshener
The lowers alcohol content for a toner. Beneficial for dry or mature skin types
153
What is a toner
Higher alcohol content that fresheners tone and tighten normal to combination skin
154
What is an astringent
Highest alcohol content used on oily or acne prone skin
155
What are enzyme peels
They use keratolytic enzymes which help speed up the breakdown of keratin
156
What is Petrissage
Kneading movements
157
What is friction
Rubbing movements
158
What is the Dr Jacquet movement
A pinching movement to be performed after deincrustation which helps keep sebum moving
159
What is the hair root
What binds hair to skin cells and is located at the bottom of the follicle below the surface of the skin
160
What is the Anagen phase of hair growth
The first stage in hair growth in which new hair is produced
161
What is the catagen phase of hair growth
The transition stage of hair growth when mitosis ceases
162
What is the telogen phase of hair growth
The final, resting stage when club hair moved up the follicle and is ready to shed
163
What is the latent phase in hair grown
Follicle is empty and dormant
164
What is the pilosebaceous unit
The hair follicle and it’s appendages. The main structure of the hair unit
165
What is hair growth the result of
Activity in the basal layer
166
What does SHAPES stand for
```
Sensation
Heat regulation
Absorption
Protection
Excretion
Secretion
```
167
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis
Stratum corneum (horny layer)
Starting lucidium (clear layer composed of dead skin cells)
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum (lagerhans immune cells)
Stratum germinativium
168
What is the body’s average internal temp
98.6°
169
What is desquamation
When keratinocytes are shed from the skin
170
What are lagerhans immune cells
Found in the stratum spinosum layer of the skin, they protect the body from infection by identifying foreign invaders
171
What are merkle cells
Sensory cells located in the basal layer
172
Where are melanocytes located
In the stratum germinativium
173
What is tyrosinase
Enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and produces melanin
174
What are the two types of melanin
Pheomelanin (red to yellow)
| Euremelanin (brown to black)
175
What is collagen
Protein substance that gives the skin it’s strength and is necessary for wound healing. Makes up 70% of the dermis
176
What is the reticular layer
The deeper fender layer of the dermis made up mostly of collagen and elastin
177
What are apocrine glands
Found in the underarms and genitals. Ductless
178
What are eccrine glands
Have ducts, found all over the body
179
What is the average cell turn over rate for babies
14 days
180
What is the average cell turnover rate for teens
21-28 days
181
What is the average cell turnover rate for adults
28-42 days
182
What is the average cell turn over rate for adults 50+
42-84 days
183
What is a non ablative procedure
Does not remove tissue
184
What is a rhytidectomy
A facelift
185
What is a blephoroplast
An eye lift
186
What is sclerotherapy
A procedure that minimizes vericose veins
187
What is the origin
Fixed part of the muscle closest to the skeleton
188
What is the belly
The middle part of the muscle.
189
What is the insertion
The movable attachment furthest from the skeleton
190
What are tissues
A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function
191
Where does blood enter and leave the heart
Blood enters through the right atrium and exits through the left ventricle
192
What happens to the blood when it reaches the lungs
It releases carbon dioxide and recieves oxygen
193
What do kidneys excrete
Urine
194
What does the liver do
Discharge bile
195
What does skin eliminate
Perspiration
196
What is the integumentary system
Skin, oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails
