Cannabinoids

Question 1

Approx. ___% of the global pop. has used cannabis in the past year.
Approx. ___% of people in Canada have used it at least once
Approx. ___% of people in Canada have used it in the past year

Answer 1

Approx. 2.5% of the global pop. has used cannabis in the past year.
Approx. 50% of people in Canada have used it at least once
Approx. 25% of people in Canada have used it in the past year

Question 2

Cannabinoids/phytocannabinoids

Answer 2

Chemical compounds within the cannabis plant. Examples: THC, CBD, CBN, CBG

Question 3

How many phytocannabinoids are within the cannabis plant

Answer 3

Over 100

Question 4

THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)

Answer 4

The primary psychoactive cannabinoid, causes the “high.”

Question 5

Cannabis active metabolite

Answer 5

11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC

Question 6

CBD (cannabidol)

Answer 6

A phytocannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC, CBD does not cause people to get a ‘high.’

Question 7

Marijuana vs Industrial Hemp Strain

Answer 7

Marijuana used to get high, 5-25% THC
Hemp Strain does not have the same mind-altering effects, 0.3% THC

Question 8

Consumption Methods of Cannabis

Name several

Answer 8

Inhalation: joints, vapes, bongs
Oral: oils, edibles, drinks
Topical: Creams
Intranasal: Nasal spray
Synthetic cannabinoids (K2, Spice) - Riskier

Question 9

THC is a (partial/full) (agonist/antagonist)

Answer 9

THC is a partial agonist that mimics the effects of AEA and 2-AG.

Question 10

Is CBD an endocannabinoid?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Endocannabinoids are ____ transmitters

Answer 11

Retrograde

(Released by post synaptic neuron and go to pre synaptic neuron)

Question 12

Endocannabinoid receptors are [answer] receptors

Answer 12

G-protein coupled/metabotropic receptors

Question 13

Location and functions/effects

CB1 Receptors

Answer 13

Mostly in CNS.
Euphoric effects, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, immunosupressive, anti-spastic, analgesic (pain-regulating), stimulates appetite

Question 14

Location and functions/effects

CB2 Receptors

Answer 14

Mostly in immune system, also astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes and microglia.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity.

Question 15

Marijuana

Inhalation: Time to take effect and peak

Answer 15

Effects within seconds, peak after 9 minutes

Question 16

Marijuana

Ingestion: Time to take effect and peak

Answer 16

Effects within about 1 hour, peak at 1-4 hours

Question 17

Cannabis

Sublingual peak effects

Answer 17

2-ish hours

Question 18

Cannabis

Instrumental reasons for use

Answer 18

Stress-reduction, relaxation, pain relief, anti-nausea/anti-emetic, etc.

Question 19

Acute effects of cannabis administration

Answer 19

• Elevated heart rate
• Increase in appetite (munchies)
• Relaxation (possible)
• Paranoia (possible)
• Memory, reasoning and attention impairments
• Psychosis (uncommon)

Question 20

Can it help fight cancer? Can it cause cancer?

Cannabis and cancer?

Answer 20

Cannabis can temporarily slow cancer growth in petri dishes.
Cannabis link to lung cancer is weak or nonexistent.

Question 21

Nabilone

Answer 21

A synthetic cannabinoid used to reduce nausea after chemotherapy treatment.

Question 22

Sativex

Answer 22

A drug to help treat spasms and pain caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). Sativex is a 1:1 ratio of THC:CBD.

Question 23

____ seems to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in epilepsy.

Answer 23

Cannabidol (CBD) oil

Question 24

____ shown to reduce side effects of Parkinson’s medication

Answer 24

Cannabis

Question 25

Cannabis and psychosis

Answer 25

Of all the mental health issues, the strongest evidence of cannabis causing mental health issues is high-dose THC and early cannabis use can heighten risk of psychosis.

It’s complicated, and evidence is only corrrelational data. Nothing is proven yet.

Question 26

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 26

A neurological disorder with symptoms like cognitive impairment, motor control impairment, vision impairment

Question 27

Phytocannabinoids

Answer 27

Have different potencies, some bind more strongly than others.

Question 28

Synthetic cannabinoid agonists

Answer 28

Highly potent, higher risk of adverse effects

Question 29

Cannabis has a ____ half life because…

Answer 29

Cannabis has a long half life because it accumulates in fatty tissues

Question 30

Allosteric modulator of CB1/2 receptors

Answer 30

Only affects the CB receptors when a ligand (e.g., neurotransmitter or drug) binds to the “main” site of the receptor

Question 31

TRPV1

Answer 31

Related to pain and heat sensation; CBD can desensitize it (antagonistic effect) or sensitize it (agonistic effect)

Question 32

5-HT 1A

Answer 32

Serotonin receptor, can regulate serotonin levels