Cannabinoids Flashcards
Approx. ___% of the global pop. has used cannabis in the past year.
Approx. ___% of people in Canada have used it at least once
Approx. ___% of people in Canada have used it in the past year
Approx. 2.5% of the global pop. has used cannabis in the past year.
Approx. 50% of people in Canada have used it at least once
Approx. 25% of people in Canada have used it in the past year
Cannabinoids/phytocannabinoids
Chemical compounds within the cannabis plant. Examples: THC, CBD, CBN, CBG
How many phytocannabinoids are within the cannabis plant
Over 100
THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol)
The primary psychoactive cannabinoid, causes the “high.”
Cannabis active metabolite
11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC
CBD (cannabidol)
A phytocannabinoid found in the cannabis plant. Unlike THC, CBD does not cause people to get a ‘high.’
Marijuana vs Industrial Hemp Strain
Marijuana used to get high, 5-25% THC
Hemp Strain does not have the same mind-altering effects, 0.3% THC
Consumption Methods of Cannabis
Name several
Inhalation: joints, vapes, bongs
Oral: oils, edibles, drinks
Topical: Creams
Intranasal: Nasal spray
Synthetic cannabinoids (K2, Spice) - Riskier
THC is a (partial/full) (agonist/antagonist)
THC is a partial agonist that mimics the effects of AEA and 2-AG.
Is CBD an endocannabinoid?
No
Endocannabinoids are ____ transmitters
Retrograde
(Released by post synaptic neuron and go to pre synaptic neuron)
Endocannabinoid receptors are [answer] receptors
G-protein coupled/metabotropic receptors
Location and functions/effects
CB1 Receptors
Mostly in CNS.
Euphoric effects, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, immunosupressive, anti-spastic, analgesic (pain-regulating), stimulates appetite
Location and functions/effects
CB2 Receptors
Mostly in immune system, also astrocytes, ogliodendrocytes and microglia.
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity.
Marijuana
Inhalation: Time to take effect and peak
Effects within seconds, peak after 9 minutes
Marijuana
Ingestion: Time to take effect and peak
Effects within about 1 hour, peak at 1-4 hours
Cannabis
Sublingual peak effects
2-ish hours
Cannabis
Instrumental reasons for use
Stress-reduction, relaxation, pain relief, anti-nausea/anti-emetic, etc.
Acute effects of cannabis administration
- Elevated heart rate
- Increase in appetite (munchies)
- Relaxation (possible)
- Paranoia (possible)
- Memory, reasoning and attention impairments
- Psychosis (uncommon)
Can it help fight cancer? Can it cause cancer?
Cannabis and cancer?
Cannabis can temporarily slow cancer growth in petri dishes.
Cannabis link to lung cancer is weak or nonexistent.
Nabilone
A synthetic cannabinoid used to reduce nausea after chemotherapy treatment.
Sativex
A drug to help treat spasms and pain caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). Sativex is a 1:1 ratio of THC:CBD.
____ seems to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in epilepsy.
Cannabidol (CBD) oil
____ shown to reduce side effects of Parkinson’s medication
Cannabis
Cannabis and psychosis
Of all the mental health issues, the strongest evidence of cannabis causing mental health issues is high-dose THC and early cannabis use can heighten risk of psychosis.
It’s complicated, and evidence is only corrrelational data. Nothing is proven yet.
Multiple Sclerosis
A neurological disorder with symptoms like cognitive impairment, motor control impairment, vision impairment
Phytocannabinoids
Have different potencies, some bind more strongly than others.
Synthetic cannabinoid agonists
Highly potent, higher risk of adverse effects
Cannabis has a ____ half life because…
Cannabis has a long half life because it accumulates in fatty tissues
Allosteric modulator of CB1/2 receptors
Only affects the CB receptors when a ligand (e.g., neurotransmitter or drug) binds to the “main” site of the receptor
TRPV1
Related to pain and heat sensation; CBD can desensitize it (antagonistic effect) or sensitize it (agonistic effect)
5-HT 1A
Serotonin receptor, can regulate serotonin levels
