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thoracic limb > canine thoracic limb > Flashcards

canine thoracic limb Flashcards

1
Q

articulates with the head of the humerus

A

glenoid cavity

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2
Q

proximal portion attaches to the omotransversarius muscle

place of insertion for the trapezius and part of deltoideus

A

spine

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3
Q

a truncated process at the distal end of the spine

part of the deltoideus muscle arises from here

A

acromion

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4
Q

lateral surface cranial to the spine of the scapula

A

supraspinous fossa

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5
Q

caudal to the spine of the scapula

infraspinatus arises from this structure

A

infraspinous fossa

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6
Q

small proximal and cranial rectangular area

insertion for serratus ventralis muscle

A

serrated face

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7
Q

large flat part of the costal surface

usually has 3 straight muscular lines that converge distally

A

subscapular fossa

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8
Q

thin, concave near the ventral angle as it enters the formation of the neck

A

cranial border

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9
Q

notch formed as the cranial border forms the neck

A

scapular notch

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10
Q

thickened dorsal end of the cranial border

continues into the dorsal border

A

cranial angle

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11
Q

extends from the cranial to caudal angles

rhomboideus attaches

A

dorsal border

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12
Q

proximal to the ventral angle

teres minor and long head of triceps arise from

A

infraglenoid tubercle

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13
Q

middle third is broad and smooth, part of the subscapularis and long head of triceps arise from it

dorsal segment is thick and gives rise to teres major

A

caudal border

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14
Q

the constricted part adjacent to the ventral angle

segment of scapula distal to the spine and proximal to the glenoid cavity

A

neck

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15
Q

eminence at the cranial part of the glenoid cavity

shows a slight medial inclination

biceps brachii arises from

A

supraglenoid tubercle

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16
Q

small tubercle on the supraglenoid tubercle

corachobrachialis arises from

A

coracoid process

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17
Q
A

infraglenoid tubercle

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18
Q

the radial and olecranon fossae communicate proximal to the trochlea through the

A

supratrochlear foramen

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19
Q

articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to make the ball and socket shoulder joint - flexion and extension only

A

head of the humerus

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20
Q

begins at the cranial end of the articular area

lodges the tendon of origin of biceps brachii

A

intertubercular groove

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21
Q

convex at its summit and is often higher than the head

receives insertions of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus and part of the deep pectoral muscles

A

greater tubercle

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22
Q

lies on the medial side of the proximal extremity of the humerus

caudal to the intertubercular groove

subscapularis attaches to its proximal border

A

lesser tubercle

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23
Q

distinct in the middle third of the humerus body

attachment for brachiocephalicus and part of pectoralis

A

cranial surface

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24
Q

ridge on the cranial border of the humerus that extends proximally in a craniomedial direction

A

crest of the greater tubercle

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25
Q

lateral surface is thickened to form

deltoideus inserts here

A

deltoid tuberosity

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26
Q

ridge from the deltoid tuberosity to the caudal part of the greater tubercle

lateral head of the triceps arises here

A

tricipital line

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27
Q

adjacent to the proximal extremity of the tricipital line

teres minor inserts here

A

tuberosity of the teres minor

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28
Q

smooth, on the lateral surface of the body

A

brachialis groove

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29
Q

distal to the brachialis groove

extensor carpi radialis and part of anconeus attach here

extends distally to the lateral epicondyle

A

later supracondylar crest

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30
Q

teres major and latissimus dorsi insert here

medial head of the triceps arises caudally and proximally

coracobrachialis inserts caudally and proximally

A

teres major tuberosity

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31
Q

distal end of the humerus

A

humeral condyle

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32
Q

part of the condyle

articulates with the radius and ulna

extends proximally into adjacent fossae

A

trochlea

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33
Q

articular area of the condyle lateral to the ridge

articulates with the head of the radius

A

capitulum

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34
Q

smaller than medial epicondyle

enlarged distolateral end of the humerus proximal to the capitulum

origin to common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnaris lateralis and supinator

A

lateral epicondyle

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35
Q

enlarged distomedial end of the humerus proximal to the trochlea

anconeus arises from

elevated portion is origin for flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, pronator teres, and superficial and deep digital flexor muscles

also attaches to medial collateral ligament of the elbow

A

medial epicondyle

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36
Q

deep excavation of the caudal part of the humeral condyle

receives the anconeal process of the ulna during extension of the elbow

A

olecranon fossa

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37
Q

on the cranial surface of the humeral condyle

communicates with the olecranon fossa by the supratrochlear foramen

A

radial fossa

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38
Q

opening through which the olecranon fossa and radial fossa communicate

no soft structures pass through

A

supratrochlear foramen

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39
Q

widest medial to lateral

forms the capitular fovea and bordered by the articular circumference

A

radial head

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40
Q

oval depressed articular surface

articulates with capitulum of the humerus

A

fovea capitus (capitular fovea)

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41
Q

smooth caudal border of the for articulation with the ulna

A

articular circumference

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42
Q

distal to the neck on the medial border of the radius

biceps brachii and brachialis insert in part here

A

radial tuberosity

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43
Q

distal extremity of the radius

A

trochlea

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44
Q

on the lateral surface of the trochlea

slightly concave area with a facet for articulation with the ulna

A

ulnar notch

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45
Q

rounded projection on the medial surface of the trochlea

A

styloid process

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46
Q

most lateral groove on the cranial surface of the radius’s distal extremity

contains the tendon for the common digital extensor

A

groove for extensor digitalis communis

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47
Q

most medial groove on the cranial surface of radius’s distal extremity

contains the tendon for the abductor digiti I longus

A

groove for abductor digit I longus

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48
Q

middle and longest groove on the cranial aspect of the radius’s distal extremity

for the extensor carpi radialis

A

groove for extensor carpi radialis

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49
Q

articulation with the trochlea of the humerus

A

trochlear notch

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50
Q

articulation with the articular circumference of the radius, forming the elbow

A

radial notch

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51
Q

proximal extremity of the ulna

lever arm for the extensor muscles of the elbow

4 sided and medial inclined

triceps brachii, anconeus, and tensor fasciae antebrachii attach to the caudal part

ulnar portions of the flexor carpi ulnaris and deep digital flexor arise from the medial surface

A

olecranon

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52
Q

proximal end of the olecranon

grooved cranially, enlarged and rounded caudally

A

olecranon tuber

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53
Q

sharp edged slightly hooked projection on proximal end of trochlear notch

fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when the elbow joint is extended

A

anconeal process

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54
Q

larger process at the distal end of the trochlear notch

articulates with humerus and radius

A

medial coronoid process

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55
Q

the smaller process at the distal end of the trochlear notch

A

lateral coronoid process

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56
Q

small elongated eminence on the medial surface of the ulna at its proximal end, just distal to the medial coronoid process

biceps brachii and brachialis insert here

A

ulnar tuberosity

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57
Q

distinct rough and irregular

large expansive but low eminence is found here, indicating a place of articulation with the radius

A

interosseus border

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58
Q

distal extremity of the ulna

its head articulates medially with the radius

part of this process articulates with the ulna and accessory carpal bones

A

styloid process

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59
Q

part of the extremity between the antebrachium and metacarpus

includes seven small irregular bones

A

carpus

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60
Q

largest of the 3 proximal carpal bones

medial and articulates proximally with the radius

A

intermedioradial carpal

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61
Q

palmar bone of the carpus

articulates with the styloid process of the ulna and the ulnar carpal bone

serves as a lever arm for some of the flexor muscles of the carpus

A

accessory carpal

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62
Q

lateral bone of the proximal row of the carpus

palmar portion projects distally palmar and lateral to the 4th carpal bone

A

ulnar carpal

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63
Q

how are the 4 distal carpal bones numbered

A

1-4 medial to lateral (dew claw is I)

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64
Q

the fourth carpal bone articulates with

A

metacarpal IV and V

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65
Q
A

metacarpus

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66
Q

label the parts of the metacarpal bones from proximal to distal

A

base

body

head

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67
Q

the sagittal ridge on each metacarpal head articulates with

A

the sagittal groove in the base of the corresponding phalange

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68
Q

which metacarpal bone is vestigial

A

first

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69
Q

each proximal and middle phalanx has a

A

proximal base

body

distal head

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70
Q

label the phalanges from proximal to distal

A

proximal phalanges

middle phalanges

distal phalanges

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71
Q

part of the distal phalanx that overlaps the claw and forms a band of bone around the proximal portion of the claw

A

ungual crest

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72
Q

curved conical extension of the distal phalanx into the claw

A

ungual process

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73
Q

rounded dorsal part of the base of the distal phalanx

the common digital extensor inserts here

A

extensor process

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74
Q

small process on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx

for insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon

A

flexor tubercle

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75
Q

two are located in the interosseus tendons on the palmar surface of each metacarpophalangeal joint (digits II-V) (digit I contains one)

A

proximal sesamoid bones

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76
Q

four of them

one embedded in the common digital extensor tendons as they pass over each metacarpophalangeal joint (digits II-V)

A

dorsal sesamoid bones

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77
Q

cranial 4 mammae

A

thoracic mammae

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78
Q

middle 4 mammae

A

abdominal mammae

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79
Q

caudal 2 mammae

A

inguinal mammae

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80
Q

tenth, eleventh and twelfth ribs unite to form

A

costal arch

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81
Q

thin layer of loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue that often contains fat

A

areolar tissue

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82
Q

dense, more regularly arranged thin layer of connective tissue

A

fascia

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83
Q

deep to the areolar tissue, forms the deep portion of the subcutaneous tissue that covers the entire body

A

superficial fascia

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84
Q

type of fascia more firmly attached to the muscle

A

deep fascia

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85
Q

proximal attachment of the muscle that moves the least

A

origin

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86
Q

distal attachment of the muscle that moves the most

A

insertion

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87
Q

dense, regularly arranged fibrous connective tissue organized into a small, well defined bundle

connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

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88
Q

has the same consistency as a tendon but the fibrous connective tissue is arranged in a thin sheet of tissue

A

aponeurosis

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89
Q

dense fibrous connective tissue between bones

A

ligament

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90
Q

thin sheet of muscle that covers msot of the dorsal, lateral and ventral walls of the thorax and abdomen

has no bony attachments

twitches the skin, innervated by the lateral thoracic nerve

A

cutaneous trunci

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91
Q

saclike structure that secretes synovial fluid to alleviate friction from tendon movement

A

bursa

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92
Q

large thin bursa wrapped around a tendon that alleviates friction from tendon movement

A

tendon sheath

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93
Q

fibrous band holding down and stabilizing tendon movement

A

retinaculum

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94
Q

synarthrotic joint

no movement

ex: gomphosis (tooth in socket), syndesmosis (attaches fibula and tibia), suture

A

fibrous joint

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95
Q

amphiarthotic joint

slight movement

ex: costochondral junction, growth plate, pelvic symphysis, intervertebral discs

A

cartilaginous joint

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96
Q

diarthrotic joint

free movement

ex: stifle joint

A

synovial joint

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97
Q

multi-axial joint type and ex

A

spheroidal joint

ex - canine hip joint

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98
Q

bi-axial joint types and ex

A

saddle joint - ex canine distal interphalangeal joint

condylar joint - ex canine stifle joint

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99
Q

uni-axial joint types and ex

A

hinge joint - equine fetlock

pivot oint - bovine atlantoaxial joint

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100
Q

non-axial (gliding) joint types and ex

A

ellipsoidal joint - ex canine carpus

plane joint - ex articular process of equine cervical vertebrae

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101
Q

movement toward the median plane

A

adduction

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102
Q

movement away from the median plane

A

abduction

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103
Q

combo of flexion/extension and add/abduction that allows the extremity of the limb to circle or ellipse (proximal part remains stationary)

A

circumduction

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104
Q

rotation of a limb carries the cranial surface medially

A

medial (internal) rotation

pronation in forelimbs

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105
Q

rotation of a limb that carries the cranial surface laterally

A

lateral (external) rotation

supination in forelimb

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106
Q

superficial pectoral origin

A

the first two sternebrae and usually a part of the third

the fibrous raphe between adjacent muscles

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107
Q

superficial pectoral muscles insertion

A

the whole crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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108
Q

superficial pectoral muscles action

A

non weight bearing - adduct the limb

weight bearing - prevent limb from being abducted

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109
Q

the descending pectoral is ___ to the transverse pectoral

A

superficial

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110
Q

superficial pectoral muscles innervation

A

ventral branch of spinal nerves C7 and C8

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111
Q

deep pectoral muscle origin

A

ventral part of the sternum

the deep abdominal fascia in the region of the xiphoid cartilage

112
Q

deep pectoral muscle insertion

A

partly muscular partly tendinous on the lesser tubercle of the humerus

an aponeurosis to the greater tubercle and its crest

the caudal part of the medial fascia of brachium

113
Q

deep pectoral muscle action

A

weight bearing - to pull the trunk cranially and extend the shoulder joint

non weight bearing - draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint

to adduct the limb

114
Q

deep pectoral muscles innervation

A

caudal pectoral nerves (C8, T1)

115
Q

the brachiocephalicus is a compound muscle

2 parts are:

A

cleidobrachialis

cleidocephalicus

116
Q

faint line crossing the brachiocephalicus

A

clavicular intersection

117
Q

two parts of the cleidocephalicus

A

pars cervicalis

pars mastoidea

118
Q

origin of the cleidobrachialis

A

clavicular intersection

119
Q

insertion of cleidobrachialis

A

distal end of cranial border of humerus

120
Q

where is the pars cervicalis (cervical part of cleidocephalicus) attached

A

dorsal midline of the neck

mid-dorsal raphe

121
Q

where is the pars mastoidea (mastoid part of cleidocephalicus) attached

A

mastoid process of the skull

122
Q

what is considered the origin of the brachiocephalicus

(all attachments are moveable)

A

clavicle or clavicular intersection

123
Q

action of brachiocephalicus

A

non weight bearing - extend shoulder joint, advance limb

weight bearing - pull head and neck to the side (lateral flexion)

124
Q

innervation of brachiocephalicus

A

accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves`

125
Q

two parts of the sternocephalicus

A

mastoid part

occipital part

126
Q

sternocephalicus origin

A

first sternebra or manubrium

127
Q

sternocephalicus insertion

A

mastoid part of temporal bone and nuchal crest of occipital bone

128
Q

sternocephalicus action

A

to draw the head and neck to the side

129
Q

sternocephalicus innervation

A

accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

130
Q

where does the sternohyoideus lie

A

on the trachea

131
Q

sternohyoideus origin

A

first sternebra and first costal cartilage

132
Q

sternohyoideus insertion

A

basihyoid bone

133
Q

sternohyoideus action

A

to pull the tongue and larynx caudally

134
Q

sternohyoideus innervation

A

ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

135
Q

sternothyroideus origin

A

first costal cartilage

(covered at origin by sternohyoideus)

136
Q

sternothyroideus insertion

A

caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage

137
Q

sternothyroideus action

A

draw the larynx and tongue caudally

138
Q

sternothyroideus innervation

A

ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and hypoglossal nerve

139
Q

transecting the omotransversarius through the middle will expose

A

superficial cervical lymph nodes

140
Q

omotransversarius attachments

A

distal end of the spine of the scapula

cranially the transverse wing of the atlas

141
Q

omotransversarius action

A

non weight bearing - pull on scapula and advance limb

weight bearing - flex neck laterally

142
Q

omotransversarius innervation

A

accessory nerve

143
Q

what does the supraspinous ligament connect

A

dorsal aspects of all vertebral spines except the cervical vertebrae

144
Q

where does the nuchal ligament extend

A

from the spine of the first thoracic vertebra to the spine of the axis

145
Q

median raphe is an attachment point for

A

many cervical muscles

146
Q

2 parts of trapezius muscle

A

cervical (larger)

thoracic

147
Q

trapezius origin

A

median raphe

supraspinous ligament from C3 to T9

148
Q

trapezius insertion

A

spine of scapula

149
Q

trapezius action

A

pull on scapula and tip it laterally to elevate and abduct forelimb

150
Q

trapezius innervation

A

accessory nerve

151
Q

3 parts of rhomboideus

A

capitis

cervicis

thoracis

152
Q

origin of rhomboideus capitis

A

nuchal crest (on occipital bone of skull)

153
Q

origin of rhomboideus cervicis

A

mid dorsal raphe

154
Q

rhomboideus thoracis origin

A

mid dorsal raphe and spinal processes of thoracic vertebrae

(not a clear distinction from cervicis)

155
Q

rhomboideus insertion

A

dorsal boarder (and some medial) of scapula

156
Q

rhomboideus action

A

elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula against the trunk

157
Q

rhomboideus innervation

A

ventral branches of cervical and thoracic nerves

158
Q

latissimus dorsi origin

A

mid dorsal raphe, last 7 or 8 thoracic vertebrae, and to last 2-3 ribs

159
Q

latissimus dorsi insertion

A

teres major tuberosity of humerus and teres major tendon

160
Q

latissimus dorsi action

A

draw the free limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint

161
Q

latissimus dorsi innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C7, C8, T1)

162
Q

2 parts of the serratus ventralis

A

cervicis

thoracis

163
Q

serratus ventralis origin

A

transverse process of last five cervical vertebrae and first 7-8 ribs

164
Q

serratus ventralis

A

serrated face of scapula (dorsal medial third)

165
Q

serratus ventralis action

A

support the trunk and depress the scapula and pull limb ventrally

166
Q

serratus ventralis innervation

A

ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and the long thoracic nerve (C7)

167
Q

deltoideus origin

A

spine of acromial process of scapula

168
Q

deltoideus insertion

A

deltoid tuberosity

169
Q

deltoideus action

A

flex shoulder

170
Q

deltoideus innervation

A

axillary nerve

171
Q

infraspinatus origin

A

infraspinatus fossa

172
Q

infraspinatus insertion

A

small, circumscribed area on lateral side of greater tubercle of humerus

173
Q

infraspinatus action

A

non WB - extend, flex joint, abduct shoulder and rotate humerus laterally

WB - prevent medial rotation and provide lateral stability to shoulder joint

174
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

175
Q

teres minor origin

A

infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of caudal border of scapula

176
Q

teres minor insertion

A

teres minor tuberosity of humerus

177
Q

teres minor action

A

WB - flex shoulder, rotate shoulder laterally, prevent medial rotation

178
Q

teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve

179
Q

supraspinatus origin

A

supraspinous fossa

180
Q

supraspinatus insertion

A

greater tubercle

181
Q

supraspinatus action

A

extend and stabilize shoulder joint

182
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve

183
Q

subscapular origin

A

subscapular fossa

184
Q

subscapularis insertion

A

lesser tubercle

185
Q

subscapularis action

A

adduct, extend, and medially stabilize shoulder joint. rotate shoulder joint medially, prevent later rotation when bearing weight

186
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

subscapular nerve

187
Q

teres major origin

A

caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of scapula; caudal surface of subscapularis

188
Q

teres major insertion

A

teres major tuberosity of humerus

189
Q

teres major action

A

flex shoulder joint, rotate shoulder joint medially, prevent later rotation when weight bearing

190
Q

teres major innervation

A

axillary nerve

191
Q

coracobrachialis origin

A

coracoid process of the scapula

192
Q

coracobrachialis insertion

A

crest of lesser tubercle proximal to teres major tuberosity

193
Q

coracobrachialis action

A

adduct, extend, and stabilize shoulder joint

194
Q

coracobrachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

195
Q

tensor fascia antebrachii origin

A

fascia covering lateral side of latissimus dorsi

196
Q

tensor fascia antebrachii insertion

A

olecranon

197
Q

tensor fascia antebrachii action

A

extend elbow joint

198
Q

tensor fascia antebrachii innervation

A

radial nerve

199
Q

triceps brachii long head origin

A

caudal border of scapula

200
Q

triceps brachii long head insertion

A

olecranon tuber

201
Q

triceps brachii long head action

A

extend elbow joint and flex shoulder joint

202
Q

triceps brachii long head innervation

A

radial nerve

203
Q

triceps brachii lateral head origin

A

tricipital line of humerus

204
Q

triceps brachii lateral head insertion

A

olecranon tuber

205
Q

triceps brachii lateral head action

A

extend elbow joint

206
Q

triceps brachii lateral head innervation

A

radial nerve

207
Q

triceps brachii accessory head origin

A

neck of humerus

208
Q

triceps brachii accessory head insertion

A

olecranon tuber

209
Q

triceps brachii accessory head action

A

extend elbow joint

210
Q

triceps brachii accessory head innervation

A

radial nerve

211
Q

triceps brachii medial head origin

A

crest of lesser tubercle near teres major tuberosity

212
Q

triceps brachii medial head insertion

A

olecranon

213
Q

triceps brachii medial head action

A

extend elbow joint

214
Q

triceps brachii medial head innervation

A

radial nerve

215
Q

anconeus origin

A

lateral supracondylar crest and lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus

216
Q

anconeus insertion

A

lateral surface of proximal end of ulna (olecranon)

217
Q

anconeus action

A

extend elbow joint

218
Q

anconeus innervation

A

radial nerve

219
Q

biceps brachii origin

A

supraglenoid tubercle

220
Q

biceps brachii insertion

A

ulnar and radial tuberosities

221
Q

biceps brachii action

A

flex elbow joint and extend shoulder joint

222
Q

biceps brachii innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

223
Q

brachialis origin

A

proximal third of lateral surface of humerus

224
Q

brachialis insertion

A

ulnar and radial tuberosities

225
Q

brachialis action

A

flex elbow joint

226
Q

brachialis innervation

A

musculocutaneous nerve

227
Q

extensor carpi radialis origin

A

lateral supracondylar crest

228
Q

extensor carpi radialis insertion

A

small tuberosities on dorsal surfaces of base of metacarpals II and III

229
Q

extensor carpi radialis action

A

extend carpal joints

230
Q

extensor carpi radialis innervation

A

radial nerve

231
Q

common digital extensor origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

232
Q

common digital extensor insertion

A

extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits II-V

233
Q

common digital extensor action

A

extend joints of four principle digits and the carpus

234
Q

common digital extensor innervation

A

radial nerve

235
Q

lateral digital extensor origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

236
Q

lateral digital extensor insertion

A

proximal ends of all phalanges of digits III-V but mainly extensor processes of distal phalanges of these digits

237
Q

lateral digital extensor action

A

extend carpal joints of carpus and digits III-V

238
Q

lateral digital extensor innervation

A

radial nerve

239
Q

ulnaris lateralis origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

240
Q

ulnaris lateralis insertion

A

lateral aspect of proximal end of metacarpal V and accessory carpal bone

241
Q

ulnaris lateralis action

A

abduct manus and flex carpal joints and support carpus when extended to support weight

242
Q

ulnaris lateralis innervation

A

radial nerve

243
Q

supinator origin

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

244
Q

supinator insertion

A

cranial surface of proximal fourth of radius

245
Q

supinator action

A

rotate forearm laterally so that palmar side of paw faces medially (supination); flex elbow joint

246
Q

supinator innervation

A

radial nerve

247
Q

abductor digiti I longus origin

A

lateral border and cranial surface of ulna; interosseous membrane

248
Q

abductor digiti I longus insertion

A

proximal end of metacarpal I

249
Q

abductor digiti I longus action

A

abduct first digit and extend carpal joints

250
Q

abductor digiti I longus innervation

A

radial nerve

251
Q

pronator teres origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

252
Q

pronator teres insertion

A

medial border of radius between proximal and middle thirds

253
Q

pronator teres action

A

rotate forearm medially so that the palmar side of paw faces the ground (pronation); flex elbow

254
Q

pronator teres innervation

A

median nerve

255
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of radius

256
Q

flexor carpi radialis insertion

A

palmar side of base of metacarpals II and III

257
Q

flexor carpi radialis action

A

flex carpal joints

258
Q

flexor carpi radialis innervation

A

median nerve

259
Q

superficial digital flexor origin

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

260
Q

superficial digital flexor insertion

A

palmar surface of base (proximal end) of middle phalanges of digits II-V

261
Q

superficial digital flexor action

A

flex the carpal, metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II-V

262
Q

superficial digital flexor innervation

A

median nerve

263
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris 2 heads

A

ulnar head

humeral head

264
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin

A

ulnar head - caudal border and medial surface of olecranon

humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus

265
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris insertion

A

accessory carpal bone

266
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris action

A

flex carpus

267
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris innervation

A

ulnar nerve

268
Q

deep digital flexor 3 heads

A

humeral head

ulnar head

radial head

269
Q

deep digital flexor origin

A

humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus

ulnar head - proximal ¾ of caudal border of ulna

radial head - middle third of medial border of radius

270
Q

deep digital flexor insertion

A

flexor tubercle of palmar surface of distal phalanx of each digit

271
Q

deep digital flexor action

A

flex carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digits

272
Q

deep digital flexor innervation

A

median and ulnar nerve

273
Q

pronator quadratus attachments

A

apposed surfaces of radius and ulna

274
Q

pronator quadratus action

A

pronate paw

275
Q

pronator quadratus innervation

A

median nerve

thoracic limb (1 decks)

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