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CRI Canine Rehab > Canine Skeletal Anatomy > Flashcards

Canine Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is flexion?

A

Making the angle of the joint smaller

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2
Q

What is the difference between rotation and circumduction?

A

Rotation: limb turns on its long axis (screwing a screwdriver)

Circumduction: limb moves in a circle

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3
Q

What structures extends from the External occipital protuberance?

A

nuchal crest

Many muscles originate from this

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4
Q

Approximately how many vertebrae are in a dog?

A

~ 50
C7, T13, L7, S3,
Ca 13-20

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5
Q

What structure of the spinal cord sits ventral to the spinal cord?

A

Vertebral body

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6
Q

What structure of the vertebrae surrounds the spinal cord itself?

A

Vertebral arch

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7
Q

What structure of the vertebrae extend laterally and what are their functions?

A

Transverse vertebrae.

Support the muscles ventral to the cord

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8
Q

Concerning the facet joints of the spinal column, what is the difference between the mammary process and articular process?

A

Mamillary process: cranial aspect of facet joint

Articular process: caudal aspect of facet joint

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9
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral foramina?

A

This is where the nerve roots exit

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10
Q

What are the defining features of C1 aka Atlas?

A

Has large prominent wings/ transverse process and no spinous process

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11
Q

What are the defining features of C2 aka Axis?

A

Has a prominent spinous process as well as a dens that inserts into the vertebral arch of C1

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12
Q

What anatomic changes are noted moving cranial to caudal on cervical vertebrae?

A

Spinous processes continue to get taller

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13
Q

Why is C6 a useful landmakr?

A

Has large wings/ transverse process

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14
Q

What do thoracic vertebrae have instead of transverse processes?

A

Ribs

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15
Q

What direction do the spinous processes of vertebrae sit until T11

A

Incline caudally

T11 is called the anticlinal

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16
Q

What is signficant about L7?

A

Has prominently shorter spinous process compared to other lumbar vertebrae

17
Q

What bone does the sacrum interact with

A

The ilium

18
Q

How many sternebrae are there?

A

8

19
Q

What are the components of the thoracic girldle in the dog

A

The scapula and “clavicle” (this is the tendon of the brachiocephalicus muscle)

20
Q

What are the palpable structures of the scapula?

A

Spine
Acromion
Supraglenoid tubercle (not easily palpable, origin of biceps tendon)

21
Q

What are the palpable regions of the humerus?

A 
Greater tubercl
Head
Deltoid Tuberosity
Tuberosity of teres major
Trochlea 
L/M Epicondlyes
22
Q

What are the palpable regions of the radius in the dog

A

Head

Styloid process

23
Q

What are the palpable regions of the ulna in the dog

A 
Olecranon
Trochlear notch
Anconeal process
M/L coronoid process
Styloid process
24
Q

How many bones are in the canine carpus?

A

7

25
Q

What bones are in the proximal carpus of the dog from medial to lateral?

A

Radial carpal bone
Ulnar carpal bone (fills in for a 5th carpal bone
Accessory carpal bone (on palmar aspect)

26
Q

What bones are in the distal carpus of the dog from medial to lateral?

A

First (I) always starts medially
Second (II)
Third (III)
Fourth (IV)

27
Q

How many metacarpal bones are in the dog

A 
5
First (I) always starts medially
Second (II)
Third (III)
Fourth (IV)
Fifth (V)
28
Q

How many phalanges are in each digit

A

Two in first digit (proximal and distal)

Three in 2nd-5th (proximal, middle, distal)

29
Q

What is found on the distal phalanx of the digits? What originates from this?

A

Ungual process.

The claw originates from this

30
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle

A

Two os coxae (hemi pelvis)

31
Q

What three bones make up the os coxae

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Acetabulum is where all three bones fuse together

32
Q

What are the landmarks of the pelvic girdle

A 
Dorsal spine
Body
Ischiatic tuberosity
Pubis
Obturator foramen (not very palpable)
Acetabulum (not very palpable)
Os penis
33
Q

What are the palpable landmarks of the femur?

A 
Head
Greater trochanter 
Lesser trochanter
Third trochanter
Trochlear groove
Condyles
Fabellae (sesamoid bones of the origin of calf muscle)
34
Q

What are the palpable landmarks of the tibia?

A

Condyles
Plateau (convex surface)
Tuberosity (patellar tendon inserts)
Medial Malleolus

35
Q

What are the palpable landmarks of the fibula?

A

Head
Body
Lateral malleolus

36
Q

What are the proximal bones of the canine tarsus from medial to lateral?

A

Talus (has trochlea, tibia rotates over this)

Calcaneus (has tuber calcaneus)

37
Q

What are the medial bones of the canine tarsus from medial to lateral?

A

Central tarsal

38
Q

What are the distal bones of the canine tarsus from mediall to lateral?

A

First (I) always starts medially
Second (II)
Third (III)
Fourth (IV)

39
Q

What is the difference between metatarsals and metacarpals

A

Metatarsus I may or may not be present

CRI Canine Rehab (7 decks)

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