Canine Midterm Flashcards
Defensive muzzle
All teeth showing
Aggressive muzzle
only front teeth showing
ears during bite
always retracted
hackles
piloerection
weight distributions
relaxed: even
play: front legs lowered in a bow
anxious: head turned away, c curved spine
submissive: body lowered, tail low OR lying with belly exposed
stress ladder
- yawn, lick muzzle
- turn head away
- turn body away, sitting, pawing
- walk away
- creeping, ears back
- standing crouched, tail tuckes
- lying down, paw picked up
- stiffening up, staring.
- teeth exposed
- growling
- snapping
- bite
most common biter?
fearful
3 ways to help with anxious dog in clinic?
- change location of exam
- reschedule with sedation
- wear muzzle
neonatal
birth - 2 weeks
transitional
2-3 weeks
socialization
3-12 weeks
adolescence
3 mo - 6/9 mo
5 stages of development
- neonatal (0-2 weeks)
- transitional (2-3 weeks).
- socialization (3-12 weeks)
- adolescence (3mo-6/9 mo)
- adult
awareness period (socialization)
3 weeks
initially dogs period (socialization)
up to 7 weeks
weaning (socialization)
4-8 weeks
human socialization (socialization)
7-12 weeks
*greatest impact on future behaviour, puppy classes!
when to take puppy to a new home?
around 2 months, never before 6 weeks, or after 14 weeks
age of potty training
8-9 weeks
*take puppy outside ever 20 minutes, immediately after meals
fear imprint period (adolesence)
2-3 mo
social dominance period (adolescence)
3-4 mo
flight instinct period (adolescence)
4-8 mo
second fear period
6-14 mo
first heat
6-12 mo
sexual maturity
~1 year
3 reasons for putting dog in shelter
- lifestyle change
- dog is more work than they thought
- behaviour problems
border collie
herding
labs
retrieving
german shepherds
protection
westie
ratting (digging)
chow chow
hunting/pulling
cesar milan method
be a leader
control his mind
channel his energy
cesar milan definition of well behaved dog
- reliably trained
- quiet on command
- pays attention to owner
- plays independently
clicker training
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
- click -> offer treat
- once link established, increase time between food
OPERANT CONDITIONING
- desired behaviour -> immediate click -> food
- once behaviour established, intermittent food reward
sit-stay
teaches dog to focus on you
- reward attention: ask to sit, give treat, repeat varying time between reward from 1-10 seconds
- reward relaxed attention: ignore barking
- add distance and distraction
helpful games
tricks
hide and seek
true fetch
bad games
chase
tug of war
‘throw the ball’ fetch
wrestling
submissive urination
treatment: be boring
- ignore dog to reduce excitement when arriving
- teach dog to sit when greeted (distraction)
- greet only when calm
- increase confidence (obedience trained dogs more confident)
fearful behaviour
treatment: ignore fear, reward confident behaviour
desensitive:
- sit-stay
- gradually expose to stimulus, reward calm behaviour
- do not pet/talk to dog when it is fearful
- do not extend hand to pet a fearful dog
separation anxiety
nothing to do with obedience training, an emotional response
treatment:
- sit-stay, teach dog not to follow you, increase distance until you are out of room
- grab keys, put coat on, step out for minute, return
- ignore the dog when you step back in
- increase length of departures
- crate train dog while you are out of house
only discipline a dog if…
you catch him in the act
raising singleton puppies
- interrupt them when they are nursing
- have puppy spend time with similar aged puppies
- join another litter if possible
- work on bite inhibition
- lots of handling
mounting
- can begin at 5 weeks
urine marking
- 3 months on, more common when sexual maturity reached
- male dogs: lift leg, rotate body, spray small amount horizontally
- female dogs: as heat is approaching
courtship
male dog smells urine of female dog in estrus
- pees in same spot
- follows the trail
- investigates head and body of female
- concentrates on vulva
- female elevates rump, tail to side
- dog mounts from rear, grips with forelegs
estrus cycles
- begin at 6-9mo
- 2 a year
false heat
precedes normal estrus by 2-3 mo
proestrus
- discharge
- more playful
- not ready to mate yet, resists advances
estrus
- interest in males
- mating often towards end of estrus
- stands quietly, tail to side
copulation
penis (swells) in vagina (constricts) -> ‘the tie’
stay locked for 10-30 min, ejcaulation -> tie deflates
- bring bitch to dog
pre-maternal behaviour
- licking nipples and genitals as parturition approaches
- lactation: 1-7 days prepartum
- appetite decreased 1-2 days before birth
- body temp below 39 1 day before whelping
parturition (whelping)
stage 1: labour, dilated cervix, 12-24hrs
- restless, nesting
stage 2: visible contractions
- normal delivery: puppies born 5-60 min apart
- dystocia: more than 2 hour
after each puppy: licks, chews umbilical cord, eats placenta
pup after birth
lies quietly until licking stimulates it
- vocalizes once breathing and fluid expelled from respiratory tract
- mom regurgitates food 4 weeks after whelping (helps wean them, get them used to food)
begin training
5 weeks
when to take to a dog park
after 5 months
- avoid fear imprint period of 2-3mo
the golden period
72 hrs after birth
- watch for puppy being ignored, cold, mouth breathing
