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Clinical Lab > CANINE INFECTIOUS DISEASES > Flashcards

CANINE INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

Science of cause or origin of a disease

A

Etiology

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2
Q

All the elements contributing to the occurrence or non-occurrence of a disease in a population

A

Epidemiology

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3
Q

Production or development of a disease

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

A disease that can be transmitted to man by vertebrate animals

A

Zoonotic

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5
Q

Happening in only a few hours

A

Peracute

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6
Q

Having severe signs in a short course of time, 12 - 24 hrs

A

Acute

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7
Q

Approximately one week

A

Subacute

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8
Q

Lasting longer than a week

A

Chronic

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9
Q

The condition of being diseased

A

Morbidity

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10
Q

The number of animals that die from disease

A

Mortality

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11
Q

A disease of high morbidity which is only occasionally present in a community

A

Epidemic

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12
Q

Not year round but when it happens everyone gets it. The Flu is an…

A

Epidemic

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13
Q

A disease of low morbidity which is constantly present in a community but clinically recognized in only a few

A

Endemic

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14
Q

What is an example of an endemic

A

HIV

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15
Q

An example of a widespread epidemic

A

Pandemic

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16
Q

Hard Pad Disease is the breeder name for what?

A

Canine Distemper

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17
Q

Etiology of Canine Distemper

A

Mobillivirus of Parymyxoviridae family

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18
Q

Canine distemper is different from feline distemper. Feline distemper is more like…

A

Parvovirus

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19
Q

How does canine distemper spread?

A

Most abundant in respiratory exudates. Spread by coughing and sneezing.

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20
Q

How long can canine distemper shed?

A

60 - 90 days after infection

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21
Q

Swelling around the brain/brain damage. Can be seen with any infection, especially canine distemper.

A

Chronic Encephalitis

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22
Q

Clinical signs of canine distemper.

A 
Mild to severe
Dry cough
Depression anorexia
Vomiting/diarrhea
Neurological signs
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23
Q

How to diagnose canine distemper

A

history of clinical signs
Lymphopenia
Thoracic radiographs

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24
Q

Therapy and Prevention of canine distemper

A

Supportive at best
Neurologic signs=grave prognosis
Vaccination with MLV

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25
Q

True or False: A ferret can be vaccinated with the canine strain vaccine of canine distemper.

A

False. You should never vaccinate a ferret with a canine strain vaccine.

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26
Q

New terminology for Kennel Cough

A

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD)

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27
Q

What is an example of a pandemic

A

Bird Flu

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28
Q

Etiology of CIRD

A

Canine Parainfluenza virus

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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29
Q

Less common agents for CIRD

A 
Distemper virus
CAV - 2
Strep
Staph
Pseudomonas
Pastuerella
E. Coli
Mycoplasma
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30
Q

Epidemiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease

A

Outbreaks and epidemics are common/deaths uncommon

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31
Q

Pathogenesis of CIRD

A

Aerosol droplets

32
Q

What is the incubation period of CIRD

A

3-10 days after exposure

33
Q

Of the two etiologic agents of CIRD, which one is unique in facilitating secondary infection?

A

B. bronchiseptica

34
Q

Clinical Findings of CIRD

A

paroxysmal coughing often associated with retching

When severe - fever, lethargy, anorexia, serous - mucopurulent occulonasal discharge

35
Q

What is the therapy for CIRD?

A

There is no therapy due to disease being self-limiting

36
Q

How to diagnose for CIRD

A

History of exposure, CBC may show stress leukogram, trans-tracheal wash

37
Q

Treatment for CIRD

A

Supportive care, antitussives (cough suppressants), systemic glucocorticoids

38
Q

Prevention for CIRD

A

Parenteral and IN vaccination

39
Q

Which vaccine for CIRD is thought to be most efficacious in preventing infection and why?

A

Intranasal Vaccination
It causes stimulation at site, directly stimulates IgA and has shown to cut the time of the disease in half if pet is already infected

40
Q

Etiology of Canine Parvovirus

A

CPV-1, CPV-2

41
Q

What are the 3 sub strains of parvovirus and which predominates in North America?

A

2a, 2b, 2c,

2b predominates in North America

42
Q

Epidemiology of parvovirus

A

most if not all canidae are susceptible

43
Q

What is the incubation period for parvovirus

A

5 - 14 days

44
Q

Pathogenesis of parvovirus

A

Oronasal contamination with infected feces
Viremia - virus is in the blood
Localizes in the intestinal epithelial crypts
Neutropenia and lymphopenia

45
Q

Excretion of parvovirus

A

Begins 3-4 days after infection, maximum 7-10 days in the stool
*If you test the stool after 10 days, test can show up negative (false negative)

46
Q

Clinical findings of parvovirus

A

Enteritis: v/d, dehydration, fever
Cardiac: <8wks, sudden death, CHF

47
Q

Diagnosis of Parvovirus

A

Clinical suspicion, Fecal ELISA antigen test

  • False positive result < 2 wks post vaccination
  • False negative result > 10 - 12 days post exposure
48
Q

Therapy for Parvovirus

A

Supportive
Antiemetic (stop vomiting)
Synthetic colloids/plasma transfusions
Parenteral nutrition (TPN)

49
Q

Prevention of Parvovirus

A

vaccination with MVL

50
Q

Which strain of parvovirus causes fading puppy syndrome and abortions in mothers?

A

CPV-1

51
Q

Blue Eye is the breeder name for what?

A

Infectious Canine Hepatitis

52
Q

Etiology of infectious canine hepatitis

A

Canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1)

Can last outside the host for weeks or months

53
Q

Epidemiology of infectious canine hepatitis

A

Ingestion of urine, feces, or saliva

54
Q

How long can infectious canine hepatitis be shed in the urine of recovered dogs?

A

> 6 mos

55
Q

Pathogenesis of infectious canine hepatitis

A

Tonsillar crypts and Peyer’s patches
Viremia
Targets organs - liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs

56
Q

Clinical findings of infectious canine hepatitis

A

Biphasic fever of >104F
Apathy, anorexia, thirst, conjunctivitis, serous ocular and nasal discharge, abdominal pain, vomiting
Leukopenia

57
Q

What is the therapy for infectious canine hepatitis

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics (treat bacterial organisms to cover secondary infections)
Tetracyclines (disadvantage: can affect the enamel of tooth)

58
Q

How to prevent infectious canine hepatitis

A

Attenuated CAV-1 vaccines (will NOT cross protect for CAV-2)

Attenuated CAV-2 vaccines (will cross protect for CAV-1)

59
Q

True/False - Leptospirosis is not a zoonotic disease

A

False

60
Q

Etiology of leptospirosis in dogs

A

Canicola

61
Q

Etiology of lepto in rats

A

Icterohaemorrhagiae

62
Q

Etiology of lepto in pigs, cattle

A

Pomona

63
Q

Etiology of lepto in skunks and opossums

A

Pomona and Grippotyphosa

64
Q

Etiology of lepto in raccoons

A

Grippotyphosa

65
Q

Etiology of emerging Serovars infection dogs

A

Autumnalis - mouse
Barislava - pigs, horse
Hardjo - cattle

66
Q

Epidemiology of Lepto

A

Contact with infected urine

conjunctiva, vaginal mucosa, or skin abrasions

67
Q

Pathogenesis of Lepto

A

Localize in the kidneys or reproductive organs

68
Q

How long is the incubation period for lepto

A

4 - 12 days

69
Q

True/False - The leptospira organism is a spirochete

A

True

70
Q

Clinical Findings of leptospirosis

A

Vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy

Additional signs of uremia and abnormalities in serum chemistry, urinalysis, hematologic

71
Q

How would one diagnose letpospirosis

A

Leptospires in urine
Titer testing
Western Blot

72
Q

Therapy for lepto

A

Supportive
Doxycycline
Tetracycline, penicillin, and fluoroquinolones (Baytril)

73
Q

Prevention for lepto

A

Vaccination recommended, dogs living in endemic area should vaccinate every 6 mos.

74
Q

Etiology of Dog Flu

A

Genus - influenzavirus A

Family - Orthomyxoviridae

75
Q

What are the two subtypes of Dog Flu

A

Hemagglutinin (H) and Neurominidase (N)

76
Q

Dog Flu type H is responsible for what?

A

Is responsible for binding the virus to the cell that is being infected

77
Q

Dog Flu type N is responsible for what?

A

Enables the virus to be released from the host cell

Clinical Lab (1 decks)

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