Canine Forelimb AOI Flashcards
Serratus ventralis ( cervical and thoracis)
O: cervical vertebrae and ribs
I: serrated face of the scapula
Action: support trunk and depress the shoulder
Brachiocephalicus (cleidocephalicus)
O: clavicular intersection
I: middorsal raphe
Action: advance limb, extend shoulder, turn neck and head laterally, draw neck ventrally
Brachiocephalicus (cleidobrachialis)
O: clavicular intersection
I: craniodistal humerus
Action: advance limb, extend shoulder, turn neck and head laterally, draw neck ventrally
Trapezius
O: middorsal raphe
I: scapular spine
Action: abduct forelimb
Latissimus dorsi
O: Thoracolumbar fascia
I: teres major tuberosity and tendon
Action: retract limb (digging motion) and flex the shoulder
Omotransversarius
O: transverse process of the atlas (C1)
I: spine of the scapula
Action: advance the limb and flex the neck laterally
Rhomboideus
O: nuchal crest of the occipital bone, middorsal raphe, vertebrae T1-T7:
I: dorsal scapula
Action: elevate limb
Sternocephalicus
O: The first sternebra or manubrium.
I: The mastoid part of the temporal bone and the nuchal crest of the occipital bone.
Action: To draw the head and neck to the side.
Sternohyoideus
O: The first sternebra and the first costal cartilage.
I: The basihyoid bone.
Action: To pull the tongue and larynx caudally
Sternothyroideus
O: The first costal cartilage.
I: The caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage.
Action: To draw the larynx and tongue caudally.
Superficial pectoral
O: cranial sternum
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: adducts the fore limb
Deep pectoral
O: ventral sternum
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the shoulder and move trunk cranially when weight bearing, flex shoulder and move limb caudally when non weight bearing
Long head of triceps
O: caudal border of the scapula
I: olecranon
Action: flex the shoulder and extend the elbow
Teres major
O: caudal scapula
I: teres major tuberosity
Action: flex the shoulder
Teres minor
O: infraglenoid tubercle and caudal border of the scapula
I: teres minor tuberosity
Action: flex the shoulder
Deltoideus
O: scapular spine and acromion
I: deltoid tuberosity
Action: flex the shoulder
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the shoulder.
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the shoulder
Biceps brachii
O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: extend the shoulder and flex the elbow
Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process/supraglenoid tubercle
I: the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend and adduct the shoulder joint
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: adduct and extend the shoulder
Brachialis
O: proximal humerus
I: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: flex the elbow
Lateral head of the triceps
O: tricipital line
I: olecranon
Action: extend the elbow
Accessory head of triceps
O: neck of the humerus
I: olecranon
Action: extend the elbow
Medial head of the triceps
O: lesser tubercle of the humerus
I: olecranon
Action: extend the elbow
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: accessory carpal bone
Action: flex the carpus
Anconeus
O: distal humerus
I: lateral olecranon
Action: extend the elbow
Tensor fascia antebrachii
O: latissimus dorsi
I: olecranon
Action: extend the elbow
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: accessory carpal bone
Action: flex the carpus
Superficial digital flexor
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: middle phalanx 2-5
Action: flex the carpus
Deep digital flexor
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: flexor tubercle of distal phalanx 2-5
Action: flex the carpus
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: metacarpals 2-3
Action: flex the carpus
Extensor carpi radialis
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: metacarpals 2 and 3
Action: extend the carpus
Common digital extensor
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: extensor process of distal phalanges
Action: extend the carpus and digits
Lateral digital extensor
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: proximal end of digits 3-5
Action: extend the carpus and digits 3-5
Ulnaris lateralis
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: accessory carpal bone and digit 5
Action: abduct the manus and flex the carpus
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: cranial radius
Action: rotate forearm laterally, flex the elbow
Pronator teres
O: medial epicondyle of the humerus
I: medial border of radius
Action: rotate forearm medially
Pronator quadratus
Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and ulna
Action: pronate the paw
Signs of proximal radial nerve damage
• Loss of ability to extend the elbow, carpus, and digits resulting in the inability to bear weight on the forelimb
• happens at the brachial plexus before innervation to the triceps
Signs of distal radial nerve damage
• Loss of ability to extend carpus and digits
