Canine Flashcards
Phimosis
inability to extrude the penis due to constriction at the preputial orifice
paraphimosis
inability to retract the penis into the preputial cavity
balanoposthitis
inflammation of the penile (balanitis) and preputial (posthitis) mucosa
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis in the absence of sexual stimulation, generally accompanied by pain and tenderness
systolic murmur on left side between 2nd and 4th intercostal space
pulmonic stenosis
aortic stenosis
systolic murmur heard on the left between the 2nd and 5th ICS or at the thoracic inlet
mitral dysplasia
murmur heard on the left side between the 5th and 6th ICS
tricuspid dysplasia
heard on the right at 5th-6th ICS
which dog breeds have a higher incidence of mammary tumors
GSD, spanials, pointers, poodles, daschunds and yorkshires
which breed has a genetic predisposition to pulmonic stenosis
beagles
which dog breed is predisposed to arrhythmogenic righ ventricular cardiomyopathy
boxers
which breeds are predisposed to developing lymphoma
boxers, basset hounds and rottweilers
which animals are unseasonally monoestrous
dogs
how many heat cycles do dogs have per year
2
which breeds have a predilection to aortic stenosis (systolic murmur on the left side between the 2nd and 5th ICS
large breeds – newfoundlands, GSD, golden retrievers, boxer and rottweilers
class 1 heartworm disease
asymptomatic to mild case with no radiographic or lab abnormalities
class 2 heartworm disease
moderate with occasional coughing and mild-to-moderate exercise intolerance. PE may have slight loss of body condition and increase lung sounds. radiographic changes – right ventricular enlargement. lab results may show anemia and proteinuria
class 3 heartworm disease
severe. weight loss, exercise intolerance and tachypnea at rest. look for severe or persistent cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, fainting and ascites. severe rad abnormalities with right ventricular hypertrophy, enlargement of main pulmonary artery and diffuse pulmonary densities. lab – anemia, thrombocytopenia, and proteinuria
class 4 heartworm disease
caval syndrome – acute shock like presentation. acute collapse, hemoglobinuria, resp distress.
progressive retinal atrophy
gradual onset blindness
dilated pupils, poorly responsive to light
fundic exam – bilateral tapetal hyper-reflectivity and non-tapetal depigmentation
sudden acquired retinal degeneration
middle aged to older dogs, associated with metabolic abnormalities
canine acanthomatous amelobalastoma can also be referred to as
epulis - benign oral tumor of the periodontal ligament
aggressively invade local tissues
surgical removal
common complication after removing an insulinoma
pacreatitis
treatment of choice for atlantoaxial instability/subluxation
ventral cancellous bone graft and transarticular pinning
what occurs with damage to the abducens (CN6) nerve
ipsilateral medial strabismus (innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye)
what muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate
medial, dorsal and ventral rectus and ventral oblique muscle
what does damage to the oculomotor nerve cause (N3)
ventrolateral strabismus
what muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate
dorsal oblique (damage causes rotation of the ey outwards)
when do eyelids and external ear canals of puppies open
14 days
what does carprofen cause in dogs
gastric ulceration and nephropathy
name two toxins that cause ARF in dogs
raison and ethylene glycol
what do macadamia nuts cause in dogs
vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyperthermia, depression
what does xylitol cause in dogs
rapid insulin release leading to hypoglycemia and possible hepatic injury
what do avocados do to dogs
myocardial nerosis
what does chocolate cause in dogs
life threatening cardiac arrhythmia and CNS dysfunction
what does bufotoxin cause in dogs (toad toxin)
cardiac arrhythmias and convulsions
what does acetaminophen cause in dogs
liver necrosis and methemoglobinuria
what does pentchlorophenol cause in dogs
nervousness, rapid pulse and resp rate, weakness, fever and convulsions
5 round cell tumors in dogs
mast cell, histiocytoma, cutaneous lymphoma, transmissible venereal tumor, malignant melanoma, plasmacytoma
treatment of choice for cutaneous vasculitis
pentoxyfylline and steroids
breed predisposition for hypoadrenocorticism
great danes, standard poodles, rottweilers, portugese water dogs, west highland white terriers, wheaten terriers
best place to take a bone marrow biopsy in a dog
iliac crest
episioplasty
removal of redudant skin folds in the vulvar area of dogs
which dogs commonly have congenital myasthenia gravis
jack russels, springer spaniels, fox terriers, samoyeds and mini daschunds
good control of DM has glucose values of
greater than 90 but less than 250
which breeds are prone to pericardial effusion
german shepherd and golden retriever
wobbler syndrome
due to malformation of cervical bone or ligaments
tetralogy of fallot includes
VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy
median survival time of a dog with malignant melanoma tumor (oral) and surgical treatment only
3-4 months
local recurrence is more than 70%
paronychia
swelling around a single nail bed caused by neoplasia, infection or immune mediated disease
onychorrhexis
brittle nails that are easily broken
onychomycosis
fungal infection of nail bed (trichophyton)
onychomadesis
sloughing of nail
what electrolyte abnormality is atrial standstill associated with
hyperkalemia (greater than 8.5)
causes of hyperkalemia
hypoadrenocorticism, ARF and urinary obstruction
which breeds are predisposed to congenital idiopahic mega-esophagus
wirehair fox terriers and mini schnauzers
what lesion does rocky mountain spotted fever cause
petechiation due to vasculitis and thrombocytopenia
vaginal cytology of a dog that’s ready to breed
90% cornified superficial cells and no neuts
recommended surgery for ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma
total ear ablation with bulla osteotomy
what does electrical alternans occur with (variation in R wave amplitude)
swinging motion of the heart within pericardial effusion
diagnosis of hepatozoonosis
identification of gametocytes on a blood smear of peripheral blood leukocytes
what does aspergillus look like
narrow, hyaline, septate and branching hyphae
what are the insensible fluid losses in a dog
20 ml/kg/day
what percentage of HAC are due to pituitary problem
80-85%
prognosis of hard pad disease (distemper_
50% survive with good supportive care
median survival of DM if treated properly
3 years
meningiomas are common in which breeds
doliocephalic – IE golden retriever
what is the vector for canine erhlichiosis
rhipicephalus (tick)
