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NAVLE > Canine > Flashcards

Canine Flashcards

1
Q

Phimosis

A

inability to extrude the penis due to constriction at the preputial orifice

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2
Q

paraphimosis

A

inability to retract the penis into the preputial cavity

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3
Q

balanoposthitis

A

inflammation of the penile (balanitis) and preputial (posthitis) mucosa

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4
Q

priapism

A

persistent abnormal erection of the penis in the absence of sexual stimulation, generally accompanied by pain and tenderness

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5
Q

systolic murmur on left side between 2nd and 4th intercostal space

A

pulmonic stenosis

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6
Q

aortic stenosis

A

systolic murmur heard on the left between the 2nd and 5th ICS or at the thoracic inlet

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7
Q

mitral dysplasia

A

murmur heard on the left side between the 5th and 6th ICS

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8
Q

tricuspid dysplasia

A

heard on the right at 5th-6th ICS

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9
Q

which dog breeds have a higher incidence of mammary tumors

A

GSD, spanials, pointers, poodles, daschunds and yorkshires

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10
Q

which breed has a genetic predisposition to pulmonic stenosis

A

beagles

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11
Q

which dog breed is predisposed to arrhythmogenic righ ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

boxers

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12
Q

which breeds are predisposed to developing lymphoma

A

boxers, basset hounds and rottweilers

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13
Q

which animals are unseasonally monoestrous

A

dogs

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14
Q

how many heat cycles do dogs have per year

A

2

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15
Q

which breeds have a predilection to aortic stenosis (systolic murmur on the left side between the 2nd and 5th ICS

A

large breeds – newfoundlands, GSD, golden retrievers, boxer and rottweilers

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16
Q

class 1 heartworm disease

A

asymptomatic to mild case with no radiographic or lab abnormalities

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17
Q

class 2 heartworm disease

A

moderate with occasional coughing and mild-to-moderate exercise intolerance. PE may have slight loss of body condition and increase lung sounds. radiographic changes – right ventricular enlargement. lab results may show anemia and proteinuria

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18
Q

class 3 heartworm disease

A

severe. weight loss, exercise intolerance and tachypnea at rest. look for severe or persistent cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, fainting and ascites. severe rad abnormalities with right ventricular hypertrophy, enlargement of main pulmonary artery and diffuse pulmonary densities. lab – anemia, thrombocytopenia, and proteinuria

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19
Q

class 4 heartworm disease

A

caval syndrome – acute shock like presentation. acute collapse, hemoglobinuria, resp distress.

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20
Q

progressive retinal atrophy

A

gradual onset blindness
dilated pupils, poorly responsive to light
fundic exam – bilateral tapetal hyper-reflectivity and non-tapetal depigmentation

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21
Q

sudden acquired retinal degeneration

A

middle aged to older dogs, associated with metabolic abnormalities

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22
Q

canine acanthomatous amelobalastoma can also be referred to as

A

epulis - benign oral tumor of the periodontal ligament
aggressively invade local tissues
surgical removal

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23
Q

common complication after removing an insulinoma

A

pacreatitis

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24
Q

treatment of choice for atlantoaxial instability/subluxation

A

ventral cancellous bone graft and transarticular pinning

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25
Q

what occurs with damage to the abducens (CN6) nerve

A

ipsilateral medial strabismus (innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye)

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26
Q

what muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate

A

medial, dorsal and ventral rectus and ventral oblique muscle

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27
Q

what does damage to the oculomotor nerve cause (N3)

A

ventrolateral strabismus

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28
Q

what muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate

A

dorsal oblique (damage causes rotation of the ey outwards)

29
Q

when do eyelids and external ear canals of puppies open

A

14 days

30
Q

what does carprofen cause in dogs

A

gastric ulceration and nephropathy

31
Q

name two toxins that cause ARF in dogs

A

raison and ethylene glycol

32
Q

what do macadamia nuts cause in dogs

A

vomiting, ataxia, weakness, hyperthermia, depression

33
Q

what does xylitol cause in dogs

A

rapid insulin release leading to hypoglycemia and possible hepatic injury

34
Q

what do avocados do to dogs

A

myocardial nerosis

35
Q

what does chocolate cause in dogs

A

life threatening cardiac arrhythmia and CNS dysfunction

36
Q

what does bufotoxin cause in dogs (toad toxin)

A

cardiac arrhythmias and convulsions

37
Q

what does acetaminophen cause in dogs

A

liver necrosis and methemoglobinuria

38
Q

what does pentchlorophenol cause in dogs

A

nervousness, rapid pulse and resp rate, weakness, fever and convulsions

39
Q

5 round cell tumors in dogs

A

mast cell, histiocytoma, cutaneous lymphoma, transmissible venereal tumor, malignant melanoma, plasmacytoma

40
Q

treatment of choice for cutaneous vasculitis

A

pentoxyfylline and steroids

41
Q

breed predisposition for hypoadrenocorticism

A

great danes, standard poodles, rottweilers, portugese water dogs, west highland white terriers, wheaten terriers

42
Q

best place to take a bone marrow biopsy in a dog

A

iliac crest

43
Q

episioplasty

A

removal of redudant skin folds in the vulvar area of dogs

44
Q

which dogs commonly have congenital myasthenia gravis

A

jack russels, springer spaniels, fox terriers, samoyeds and mini daschunds

45
Q

good control of DM has glucose values of

A

greater than 90 but less than 250

46
Q

which breeds are prone to pericardial effusion

A

german shepherd and golden retriever

47
Q

wobbler syndrome

A

due to malformation of cervical bone or ligaments

48
Q

tetralogy of fallot includes

A

VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy

49
Q

median survival time of a dog with malignant melanoma tumor (oral) and surgical treatment only

A

3-4 months

local recurrence is more than 70%

50
Q

paronychia

A

swelling around a single nail bed caused by neoplasia, infection or immune mediated disease

51
Q

onychorrhexis

A

brittle nails that are easily broken

52
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of nail bed (trichophyton)

53
Q

onychomadesis

A

sloughing of nail

54
Q

what electrolyte abnormality is atrial standstill associated with

A

hyperkalemia (greater than 8.5)

55
Q

causes of hyperkalemia

A

hypoadrenocorticism, ARF and urinary obstruction

56
Q

which breeds are predisposed to congenital idiopahic mega-esophagus

A

wirehair fox terriers and mini schnauzers

57
Q

what lesion does rocky mountain spotted fever cause

A

petechiation due to vasculitis and thrombocytopenia

58
Q

vaginal cytology of a dog that’s ready to breed

A

90% cornified superficial cells and no neuts

59
Q

recommended surgery for ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma

A

total ear ablation with bulla osteotomy

60
Q

what does electrical alternans occur with (variation in R wave amplitude)

A

swinging motion of the heart within pericardial effusion

61
Q

diagnosis of hepatozoonosis

A

identification of gametocytes on a blood smear of peripheral blood leukocytes

62
Q

what does aspergillus look like

A

narrow, hyaline, septate and branching hyphae

63
Q

what are the insensible fluid losses in a dog

A

20 ml/kg/day

64
Q

what percentage of HAC are due to pituitary problem

A

80-85%

65
Q

prognosis of hard pad disease (distemper_

A

50% survive with good supportive care

66
Q

median survival of DM if treated properly

A

3 years

67
Q

meningiomas are common in which breeds

A

doliocephalic – IE golden retriever

68
Q

what is the vector for canine erhlichiosis

A

rhipicephalus (tick)

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